Cosmetics' usage was widespread in antiquity, as a part either of daily life or of specific occasions, such as the burial of the dead and religious rituals. Perfumes in particular were very popular. They were first discovered in Mesopotamia, evolved in Egypt and then made their way to Greece (to the Minoans and Mycenaeans firstly) and the rest of the Mediterranean. They constituted a significant part of rituals, beauty, and commerce. People in antiquity believed that nice fragrances were associated with gods and had a positive effect on health and well being as well as on the social contacts between them. The quality and quantity of a perfume was regarded as a social marker. Many ancient writers, such as Theophrastus, Pliny, Athenaeus, Hippocrates, Xenophon, Aristotle and others, provide several details about the ancient aromas. One thing that can't be doubted is that perfume (either with the form of incense or as oily extract from plants or, later, as a product of alcoholic distillation) has been a significant cosmetic product in all times.

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We humans have the tendency to damage the natural environment in many ways. Deforestation and conversion of forests for residential, industrial development, and expansion of agricultural crops, as well as the burning of fossil fuels, are some activities that disrupt natural ecosystems and wildlife and contribute to climate change. As a result, the life cycles of pathogens and intermediate hosts (insects, rodents, mammals) as well as biodiversity are affected.Through these activities, humans meet wild animals that transmit pathogens, resulting in their infection by zoonoses and causing epidemics-pandemics, the effects of which have as their final recipient himself and his activities.