S U M M A R YWithin historical times one of the most damaging events in intra-plate Europe was the 1356 Basel earthquake. Given its significance for assessing regional seismic hazard in central Europe, an interdisciplinary project was launched in 2005 to re-explore this event. Our effort aimed to incorporate techniques from history, seismology, archaeology, paleoseismology and engineering. New and reinterpreted historical data from Basel and its surroundings plus archaeological findings on buildings that survived the event and still exist enabled this macroseismic assessment. Palaeoseismological studies combined with historical evidence provided additional data. For the surrounding areas, archaeology offers sparse information on some castles and churches, sometimes supported by historical records. A contemporary source allows some reconstruction of the stronger fore-and aftershocks.This expanded information base improves our sense of the event's damage and consequences. For the city of Basel, the relatively abundant archaeological data allowed us to assess statistically the macroseismic intensity at IX, although the pattern of damage was scattered. Data points for the expected area of damage around Basel are not distributed regularly. The absence of historical and archaeological findings for southern Germany might be due to archival problems; future investigation may improve this situation.Our results confirm that the Basel earthquake was the most destructive known for central Europe. Intensities up to VIII are found within a radius of about 30 km. Analysing the macroseismic field confirms our former assessment of the event and shows an epicenter located about 10 km south of Basel. The most probable range for the moment magnitude Mw is between 6.7 and 7.1.
Der Beitrag von Christoph Ph. Matt liefert einen Überblick über die wesentlichsten Ergebnisse der archäologischen Ausgrabungen und baugeschichtlichen Untersuchungen in den Häusern Schneidergasse 8-12, soweit sie für das Verständnis der Resultate der osteologischen Auswertung von Jacqueline Reich nötig sind.
Das unterste Schichtpaket in der Latrinenverfüllung konnte ins 12. Jh. datiert werden und stellt den eigentlichen Benutzungshorizont der Latrine dar. Die interdisziplinäre Auswertung dieses Befundes umfasste die Aufarbeitung historischer Quellen sowie die Untersuchung der keramischen Funde, der Grosstierknochen und der Tier- und Pflanzenreste aus den Schlämmproben.
Anhand der Egebnisse wurde versucht, einen stadtgeschichtlichen und kulturhistorischen Kontext herzustellen und Aussagen zur Gesellschaftsschicht, zur «Esskultur» und zu handwerklichen Tätigkeiten (Hornverarbeitung) der Latrinenbenutzer zu formulieren.
Bei den beim Umbauprojekt freigelegten Mauern handelt es sich um die sog. Burkhardsche Stadtmauer, die von Bischof Burkhard von Fenis am Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts erbaute älteste mittelalterliche Basler Stadtmauer, sowie - in kleinerem Umfang - um die Innere Stadtmauer.
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