Abstract:Many previous time allocation studies treat work as a single activity and examine trade-offs between work and other activities. This paper investigates the at-work allocation of time among teaching, research, grant writing and service by science and engineering faculty at top US research universities. We focus on the relationship between tenure (and promotion) and time allocation, and we find that tenure and promotion do affect the allocation of time. The specific trade-offs are related to particular career paths. For example, full professors spend increasing time on service at the expense of teaching and research while longer-term associate professors who have not been promoted to full professor spend significantly more time teaching at the expense of research time. Finally, our results suggest that women, on average, allocate more hours to university service and less time to research than do men. time allocation | academic research | tenure | university faculty | economics | Keywords: education Article:

Foster care caseloads more than doubled from 1985 to 2000. This article provides the first comprehensive study of this growth by relating state-level foster care caseloads to state-specific characteristics and policies. We present evidence that increases in female incarcerations and reductions in cash welfare benefits played dominant roles in explaining the growth in foster care caseloads over this period. Our results highlight the need for child welfare policies designed specifically for the children of incarcerated parents and parents who are facing less generous welfare programs.

In 1996 the Aid to Families with Dependent Children program was replaced with the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program. This paper considers the effects of two specific components of TANF, time limits and work requirements, on employment, marriage, and welfare participation. A discrete-choice dynamic programming model is used, and parameter estimates are obtained using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Policy simulations show that a five-year lifetime time limit results in a 60 percent reduction in welfare use and that a substantial part of this reduction occurs because recipients are forward-looking. * Contact information: Department of Economics, SUNY-Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794; Telephone: 631-632-7526; email: chris.swann@sunysb.edu. This paper has been substantially improved by comments from Todd Stinebrickner and two anonymous referees. I received helpful comments on previous versions of this paper from Michael Brien, Fredrick Holt, Edgar Olsen, Steven Stern and numerous seminar participants. All remaining errors are my responsibility.

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