In the late 1970s/early 1980s, Baddeley and colleagues conducted a series of experiments investigating the role of eye movements in visual working memory. Although only described briefly in a book (Baddeley, 1986), these studies have influenced a remarkable number of empirical and theoretical developments in fields ranging from experimental psychology to human neuropsychology to nonhuman primate electrophysiology. This paper presents, in full detail, three critical studies from this series, together with a recently performed study that includes a level of eye movement measurement and control that was not available for the older studies. Together, the results demonstrate several facts about the sensitivity of visuospatial working memory to eye movements. First, it is eye movement control, not movement per se, that produces the disruptive effects. Second, these effects are limited to working memory for locations, and do not generalize to visual working memory for shapes. Third, they can be isolated to the storage/maintenance components of working memory (e.g., to the delay period of the delayed-recognition task). These facts have important implications for models of visual working memory.In the past three decades, a considerable amount of effort in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology, and cognitive neuroscience has been devoted to elucidating the theoretical and mechanistic underpinnings of working memory. One fruitful development has been the functional partitioning of working memory for visually perceived stimuli into object (i.e., the appearance of objects and visual arrays) and spatial/sequential components

Inexperienced speakers were tested shortly before they presented colloquium papers at a public forum. Increases in anxiety and arousal were found using subjective and ECG measures. Performance deteriorated in digit span and verbal fluency but not in logical reasoning, tick length or the Stroop test. However, degree ofdecrement was small and rate of accumulatingdata slow, suggesting this is not an ideal situation for studying the effects of apprehension on performance, IntroductionThe question of how fear and anxiety influence performance is one ofconsiderable practical significance. Whether the fear is experienced by a soldier in battle, a victim in a natural disaster or a student in an examination, his ability to hnction efficiently is likely to be'crucial, and any decrement in cognitive performance could have significance out of all proportion to its apparent magnitude. For that reason, there has over the years been a great deal written on the influence of fear on performance. Unfortunately, however, there can be few areas in which the ratio ofobjective evidence to anecdote and speculation is so low.

Handbook of Sleep Disorders (Neurological Disease and Therapy Series 6) ($198, 920 pp., 1990) is published by Marcel Dekker, New York. It is essentially an American book (with 24 out of 36 chapters originating from North America) with a distinctly American point of view. The book has been edited by Professor M. J. Thorpy, the Chairman of the Diagnostic Classification Steering Committee of the American Sleep Disorders Association. Professor Thorpy is also Director of the well known Sleep-Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, New York.