Pharyngeal videofluoroscopy (VTF) is a well-recognized technique for investigating and assessing swallowing disorders. There is, however, a paucity of data available regarding the radiation dose to patients during such procedures, but there is general concern that fluorographic imaging modalities are associated with significant radiation exposure. We have recorded the dose received by 23 patients undergoing VTF in our department using a Dose-Area Product (DAP) Meter and have used the data to calculate the effective dose to the patients. The mean effective dose is 0.4 mSv (range 0.027-1.1) which compares favorably with the effective doses associated with other common radiological procedures. We therefore conclude that the radiation detriment associated with pharyngeal VTF is well within acceptable levels.

EVAR and the follow-up investigations involve substantial amounts of radiation, with well-recognized carcinogenic risks. Because patient safety is paramount, radiation exposure should be minimized. This may be possible by standardizing radiation exposure throughout the United Kingdom by implementing national guidelines and considering other imaging modalities for follow-up.

aneurysm prevalence is influenced by geographical origin and deprivation, which should, therefore, be important factors in health care planning and screening provision.

There remains a significant ethnic disparity in limb-salvage revascularization. Blacks comprise 29% of patients undergoing a major lower extremity amputation, but only 12% of those undergoing an open surgical procedure and 10% of those undergoing an endovascular procedure for limb salvage. The widespread adoption of endovascular revascularization techniques appears not to have had much impact on this disparity.

Since its first description in 1879, popliteal artery entrapment syndrome remains a debilitating condition, which frequently affects young active people. Increased awareness of popliteal artery entrapment syndrome combined with improvements in investigative modalities has resulted in a more frequent diagnosis of this eminently treatable condition. In this article, a rare case of bilateral popliteal artery entrapment syndrome in a physically active 33-year-old man precipitated by competitive Bicycle Moto-Cross riding is presented. A higher index of suspicion for popliteal artery entrapment syndrome is recommended as the underlying pathology in a young active person with symptoms of lower limb claudication. Popliteal artery entrapment syndrome should be investigated with thorough radiological assessment prior to any therapeutic intervention, which is often fraught with difficulty due to chronically diseased vasculature and inherent anatomical anomalies.