Overall, ESD is an outpatient procedure with few complications. The technique has a faster operative and convalescence period with fewer complication rates compared with other endoscopic or external transcervical approaches. The results in the present study and those reported in the English language literature advocate that ESD be the initial preferred treatment for Zenker's diverticulum.

We introduce anovel andpotentially effective approach in thetreatment oftonsil stones using Coblation technology. A retrospectivepilotcase series wasperformed demonstratingtheeffectiveness ofa technique thatwecall Coblation tonsil cryptolysis. This technique is unique in that it can be performed in adult patients without sedation using only local anesthesia, much like laser tonsil cryptolysis. As withlaser cryptolysis, pain issignificantfor onlyafew days andmostadults can resume normal dietandactivity within 1week. Incontrast, tonsillectomy entails significant morbidityforseveral weeks. However, Coblation avoids the significantdisadvantages oflaser use, includingthepotentialfor airwayfire, retinal damage from reflected scatter, dealing with plume from vaporized tissues, oral/facial burns, and the high cost of purchasing and maintaining laser equipment. Aftera single session ofCoblation tonsil cryptolysis, a significant decrease andeven elimination of tonsil stones can potentially beachieved.

A case report of bilateral pharyngoceles without a history of elevated intrapharyngeal pressures is used to support the hypothesis that pharyngoceles may be an adult manifestation of an internal branchial sinus anomaly. The development of a pharyngocele from a branchial sinus origin would suggest a predictable relationship to the hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, and superior laryngeal nerves, which may influence the choice of surgical approach (open versus endoscopic) and the counseling of patients who are considering surgical correction.

Increased understanding of the response of the human voice over time after BTX-A injection at various doses suggests new ideas to further increase clinical efficacy with the use of lower BTX-A doses.