The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of purified high-dose anthocyanoside oligomer administration on nocturnal visual function and clinical symptoms in low-to-moderate myopia subjects. The study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and involved sixty subjects with asthenopia and refractive errors between 21·00 and 28·00 diopters in both eyes. Thirty subjects were administered a purified high-dose anthocyanoside oligomer (100 mg tablet comprising 85 % anthocyanoside oligomer), and thirty were given a placebo in tablet form twice daily for 4 weeks. Prior to the treatment, the placebo and anthocyanoside groups were similar in terms of age and contrast sensitivity. Before and after treatment, subjects completed a questionnaire to determine their clinical symptoms and were also assessed for nocturnal visual function using contrast sensitivity testing. Questionnaire data analysis showed that, following treatment, twenty-two (73·3 %) anthocyanoside subjects showed improved symptoms, whereas only one placebo subject showed an improvement (Fisher's exact test, P,0·0001). Contrast sensitivity levels according to each cycle per degree significantly improved in the anthocyanoside group and remained stable in the placebo group. The mean contrast sensitivity change in the anthocyanoside group was 2·41 (SD) 1·91, compared with 20·66 (SD) 2·66 dB for the placebo group (unpaired Student's t test, P,0·0001). At all cycle per degree levels, contrast sensitivity changes in the anthocyanoside group were better than in the placebo group (unpaired Student's t test, P,0·05). The present data show that the administration of anthocyanoside oligomer appears to improve subjective symptoms and objective contrast sensitivity in myopia subjects with asthenopia.

Alphagan effectively reduced halo size and pupil size in postoperative LASIK patients with night-vision symptoms.

* BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The authors attempted to determine the effect of mitomycin-C (MMC) on postoperative corneal astigmatism in patients who underwent trabeculectomy or a triple procedure (trabeculectomy, extracapsular cataract extraction, and intraocular lens implantation). * PATIENTS AND METHODS: Using the vector analysis method, the authors measured the postoperative induced astigmatism of 76 eyes in 59 patients who underwent trabeculectomy or a triple procedure with or without the application of MMC. Postoperative induced astigmatism corresponding to the 180° axis was compared between the two groups. * RESULTS: The patients who underwent trabeculectomy with or without MMC showed a mean induced astigmatism of -1.01 D and -2.63 D, respectively, after 1 month (P < .05), and 0.34 D and -1.42 D after 12 months (P < .05). Those who underwent a triple procedure with or without MMC showed a mean induced astigmatism of -1.81 D and -4.50 D, respectively, after 7 days (P < .05), and 1.73 D and -0.13 D, respectively, after 12 months (P < .05). The entire amount of postoperative against-the-rule astigmatic shift was similar between the with-MMC group and the without-MMC group. The against-the-rule astigmatic shift of the group without MMC reached a plateau after 3 months. However, the group with MMC showed continuous against-the-rule astigmatic shift until 12 months. * CONCLUSION: This study suggests that MMC induces less with-the-rule astigmatism in early postoperative periods and continuous against-the-rule shift after 3 months following a trabeculectomy or a triple procedure. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers 1998;29:484-489.]

To evaluate the clinical symptoms of patients with dry eyes, based on the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) and analyze the relationship between OSDI and various ocular surface parameters. Methods: This was a retrospective study that included 45 eyes of 45 dry eye patients who visited the Seoul Nune Eye Hospital from August 2017 to December 2017. The patients were assessed by non-invasive keratography for the first break-up time, lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear osmolarity, tear matrix metalloproteinase-9 immunoassay as well as with the conventional Schirmer I test and fluorescein break-up time. The patient's symptoms were evaluated by the OSDI questionnaires and correlations were analyzed based on the parameters described above. Results: There were significant negative correlations between OSDI and non-invasive keratography for the first break-up time (p = 0.038, r =-0.330), and LLT (p = 0.005, r =-0.426). However, there were no significant correlations between OSDI and fluorescein break-up time, Schirmer I score, and tear osmolarity (p = 0.173, 0.575, and 0.844 respectively). OSDI was not significantly different between matrix metalloproteinase-9 positive and negative groups (p = 0.768). Conclusions: Non-invasive examinations such as non-invasive keratograph break-up time and interferometry of LLT can be efficient tools for evaluating dry eye symptoms.