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The fabrication of high-capacity, binder-free Li–ion battery anodes using a simple and efficient manufacturing process was reported in this research. The anode material for lithium–ion batteries utilized is a combination of two-dimensional (2D) carbon nanowalls (CNWs) and Cu nanoparticles (improved rate performance and capacity retention) or Si (high capacity) nanoparticles. A methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) gas mixture was employed to synthesize CNWs on copper foil through microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The Cu or Si nanoparticles were then deposited on the CNW surface using an RF magnetron sputtering equipment with four-inch targets. To analyze the electrochemical performance of the LIBs, CR2032 coin-type cells were fabricated using anode materials based on CNWs and other components. It was confirmed that the Cu−CNW demonstrates improved rate performance, increased specific capacity, and capacity retention compared with traditional anodes. Additionally, CNW combined with Si nanoparticles has enhanced the capacity of LIB and minimized volume changes during LIB operation.

Carbon is a material with interesting properties which exists in large quantities on Earth, so many studies involving carbon have been conducted. In particular, nano-sized carbon allotropes, referred to as carbon nanomaterials, comprise the subject of various studies currently underway. The electrical, chemical, physical properties of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) are modified by parameters such as surface density, height and thickness. These characteristics have significant effects on CNWs and can be adjusted as a growth interlayer. It was confirmed that the molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) interlayer synthesized in this paper by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering altered the morphological characteristics of the CNWs, including its shaped edge, pores diameter and density. We provide interesting results through FE-SEM, EDS and Raman analysis in this paper. Based on the Raman analysis, both the D-peak of carbon and the ID/IG ratio decreased. Through this study, the effect of MoS2 on the morphological characteristics of CNWs was confirmed.