A manihot is a promising therapy for patients with primary kidney disease (chronic kidney disease stages 1-2) with moderate proteinuria.

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With a goal of improving operational numerical weather prediction (NWP), the Developmental Testbed Center (DTC) has been working with operational centers, including, among others, the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), and the U.S. Air Force, to support numerical models/systems and their research, perform objective testing and evaluation of NWP methods, and facilitate research-to-operations transitions. This article introduces the first attempt of the DTC in the data assimilation area to help achieve this goal. Since 2009, the DTC, NCEP’s Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), and other developers have made significant progress in transitioning the operational Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation (GSI) data assimilation system into a community-based code management framework. Currently, GSI is provided to the public with user support and is open for contributions from internal developers as well as the broader research community, following the same code transition procedures. This article introduces measures and steps taken during this community GSI effort followed by discussions of encountered challenges and issues. The purpose of this article is to promote contributions from the research community to operational data assimilation capabilities and, furthermore, to seek potential solutions to stimulate such a transition and, eventually, improve the NWP capabilities in the United States.

Introduction: During nonreciprocal/reciprocal translocation process, 5 0 -anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) sometimes gets retained in the genome and is detectable by next-generation sequencing; however, no study has investigated its clinical significance. Our study aimed to assess the impact of harboring 5 0 -ALK on the efficacy of crizotinib.Methods: A total of 150 patients with next-generation sequencing-identified ALK-rearranged NSCLC from March 2014 to July 2018 at the Hunan Cancer Hospital were enrolled in this study. The efficacy of crizotinib as first-line therapy was evaluated in 112 patients according to the retention of 5 0 -ALK.Results: Among the 150 patients with NSCLC, nonreciprocal/reciprocal translocation was detected in 18.7% (28 of 150), and 3 0 -ALK fusion alone was detected in 81.3% (122 of 150). Among the 112 patients who received firstline crizotinib, 89 had 3 0 -ALK fusion alone (79 echinoderm microtubule associated protein-like 4 [EML4]-ALK and 10 non-EML4-ALK), and 23 had nonreciprocal/ reciprocal ALK translocation. Among the patients with nonreciprocal/reciprocal ALK translocation, three patients harbored dual concurrent 3 0 -ALK fusions. Patients with nonreciprocal/reciprocal ALK translocation had higher incidence of brain metastasis at baseline than those with 3 0 -ALK fusion alone (39.1% versus 13.4%, p ¼ 0.028). Crizotinib-treated patients with nonreciprocal/ reciprocal ALK translocation had significantly shorter median progression-free survival (PFS) compared with patients carrying 3 0 -ALK fusion alone (6.1 m versus 12.0 m, p ¼ 0.001) or with EML4-ALK fusion alone (6.1 m versus 12.6 m, p ¼ 0.001). Multivariate analysis revealed that harboring nonreciprocal/reciprocal ALK translocation was an independent predictor of worse PFS for crizotinib-treated ALK-rearranged NSCLC (p ¼ 0.0046).