Remanufacturing has been regarded as a key to the sustainable development of enterprises. However, collection strategies affect the remanufacturing and recycling of used products. Blockchain can ensure the authenticity of disclosed information and improve the consumer’s trust in remanufactured products. Inspired by this, this paper develops a game-theoretic model to examine the selection of different recycling strategies in the remanufacturing supply chain considering blockchain adoption and uncertain demand. Incumbent collector 1 provides the manufacturer with used product 1 for remanufacturing product 1. For product 2, the manufacturer has two different collection strategies: in-house collection by the manufacturer or external collection by collector 2. The collectors act as the channel leader, and the manufacturer, who has private demand information, is the follower. Results show that collectors are incentivized to participate in the blockchain. If there is no blockchain, collector 1 prefers external collection. In the case of blockchain, the manufacturer prefers external collection when the demand variance is low. The manufacturer’s decision on the in-house collection and external collection depends on the coefficient of collection investment costs.

No abstract

Remanufacturing, as an effective way to save resources and alleviate environmental pollution, has gradually become a sustainable practice. Environmental education contributes to the development of remanufacturing by increasing the number of consumers willing to purchase remanufactured products (RPs). However, the incumbent manufacturer usually has limited remanufacturing capability together with yield uncertainty, making a third-party remanufacturer (3PR) an alternate channel choice. This study develops an analytical model to examine the effects of environmental education on a retailer’s choice of remanufacturing channels under in-store competition. Results show that consumer environmental education has the potential to significantly improve the retailer and supply chain profits, and temperate environmental education is always desirable for 3PR. The introduction of 3PR benefits the consumer when the retailer’s remanufacturing technology level is low. Furthermore, when the environmental impact of defective RPs is relatively high, and environmental education is temperate, selecting a 3PR will enhance environmental sustainability. This study also shows that 3PR can help achieve a win–win situation when environmental education and consumer acceptance of RPs are both in a certain range.

Modeling the effects and paths of systemic financial risk contagion is significant for financial stability. This paper focuses on China’s systemic financial risk from the perspective of dynamic networks. First, we construct a high-dimensional dynamic financial network model to capture risk contagion effects. Second, considering the ripple effect of financial risk contagion, we introduce and improve the basic model of the ripple-spreading network. Finally, small- and medium-sized banks and economic policy uncertainty are selected as the internal and external contagion source, respectively, to simulate the risk of ripple-spreading paths. The results show that financial contagion is more likely to occur within the same industry. The contagion triggered by internal shock first spreads within the same industry, and then to other industries. The contagion triggered by external shock first spreads to banks, then to diversified financial institutions, securities and insurance institutions, successively. Moreover, some small- and medium-sized commercial banks show strong abilities to spread risk ripples. The securities industry is the intermediary layer of the ripple network and plays a leading role in the ripple-spreading process. Therefore, systemic financial risk regulation should focus not only on large financial institutions but also on financial institutions with strong ripple effects. During major risk events, isolating risk intermediary nodes can cut off the paths of risk contagion and mitigate the impact on the whole financial system effectively.