The spindle-like, tubular, and tire-like hematite were successively fabricated by a facile, one-step hydrothermal procedure, which is of great importance in facilitating the controllable-synthesis process of commercial industrialization. A mechanism involving a formation-dissolution process was proposed based on the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy analysis. It was demonstrated that the presence of phosphate ions during the reaction process is crucial to the morphology evolution of hematite. Their different adsorption ability on the different crystallographic planes of hematite and a coordination effect with ferric ions could promote the preferential dissolution of the spindle-like hematite precursors along the long axis [001] from the tips down to the interior, and thus yield the tubular and tire-like hematite one by one with the increasing reaction time. The magnetic measurements have also been performed to investigate the different magnetic properties such as coercivity and low-temperature transition behavior of three different hematite nanostructures.hematite (-Fe 2 O 3 ), hydrothermal synthesis, nanospindle, nanotube, nanotire

Background: Cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-I), a rare variant of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, is one of treatable causes of rapidly progressive dementia. CAA-I usually occurs in the elderly and corticosteroids are most often used for treatment. Thus it is more necessary to develop an individualized dosing regimen to maximize efficacy yet minimize adverse effects of corticosteroids. We report a CAA-I patient successfully treated by corticosteroid therapy guided by dynamic monitoring of peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) count. Case presentation: A 68-year-old female presented with subacute step-wise cognitive decline. Medical history and current examination revealed multiple risk factors for cerebral amyloid angiopathy, including apolipoprotein E ε4/ε4 genotype, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypertension, and chronic renal failure, while brain susceptibility-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffuse lobar microbleeds associated with extensive lesions disturbed throughout cerebral grey and white matter on T1- and T2-weighted MRI. The CD19+ B-cell fraction of PBMCs was markedly elevated, as were inflammatory markers such as erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. Cerebrospinal fluid total protein and T-tau levels were also elevated, while Aβ42 was low and P-tau levels were normal. Corticosteroid treatment guided by dynamic CD19+ B-cell number monitoring reversed these inflammatory signs, imaging manifestations, and acute cognitive decline. Conclusions: Corticosteroid treatment individualized by dynamic monitoring of PBMC CD19+ B-cell fraction may provide for maximum therapeutic efficacy with minimal adverse effects in patients with CAA-I.

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