Due to the development of information technologies and network technologies, healthcare systems have been employed in many countries. As an important part of healthcare systems, the wireless body area network (WBAN) could bring convenience to both patients and physicians because it could help physicians to monitor patients' physiological values remotely. It is essential to ensure secure communication in WBANs because patients' physiological values are very sensitive. Recently, Liu et al. proposed an efficient authentication scheme for WBANs. Unfortunately, Zhao pointed out that their scheme suffered from the stolen verifier-table attack. To improve security and efficiency, Zhao proposed an anonymous authentication scheme for WBANs. However, Zhao's scheme cannot provide real anonymity because the users' pseudo identities are constant value and the attack could tract the users. In this paper, we propose a new anonymous authentication scheme for WBANs. Security analysis shows that the proposed scheme could overcome weaknesses in previous scheme. We also use the BAN logic to demonstrate the security of the proposed scheme.

We present a new application of positron emission tomography ("ntPET" or "neurotransmitter PET") designed to recover temporal patterns of neurotransmitter release from dynamic data. Our approach employs an enhanced tracer kinetic model that describes uptake of a labeled dopamine D2/D3 receptor ligand in the presence of a time-varying rise and fall in endogenous dopamine. Data must be acquired during both baseline and stimulus (transient dopamine release) conditions. Data from a reference region in both conditions are used as an input function, which alleviates the need for any arterial blood sampling. We use simulation studies to demonstrate the ability of the method to recover the temporal characteristics of an increase in dopamine concentration that might be expected following a drug treatment. The accuracy and precision of the method-as well as its potential for false-positive responses due to noise or changes in blood flow-were examined. Finally, we applied the ntPET method to small-animal imaging data in order to produce the first noninvasive assay of the time-varying release of dopamine in the rat striatum following alcohol.

BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic lung disease of preterm neonates; the underlying pathogenesis is not fully understood. MicroRNAs (length 21-25 nucleotides) are ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules that have important functions in development, cellular differentiation, apoptosis, proliferation, and migration; very little is known regarding their role in developmental lung diseases. METHODS: We exposed neonatal mice to either room air or 60% oxygen, beginning at birth, and we used microRNA microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction on lung samples. RESULTS: The hyperoxia-exposed mice developed a lung injury that mimicked human BPD. Fifty-one microRNAs shared similar profiles in the hyperoxia-exposed BPD lungs and the normal lungs, which indicates that those microRNAs might play a protective role during the septation process. In the BPD lungs, compared to the control lungs, 14 microRNAs were up-regulated, and 7 microRNAs were down-regulated, which indicates that these microRNAs might play an important role in the development of BPD. Some of the candidate microRNAs can regulate cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first to identify microRNAs associated with BPD development, which provides a clue for further investigation of their function in BPD development.

Resting D2 receptor availability may predict healthy subject responses to alcohol exposure.

Li‐CO 2 battery has attracted extensive attention and research due to its super high theoretical energy density and its ability to fix greenhouse gas CO 2 . However, the slow reaction kinetics during discharge/charge seriously limits its development. Hence, a simple cation exchange strategy is developed to introduce Ru atoms onto a Co 3 O 4 nanosheet array grown on carbon cloth (SA Ru‐Co 3 O 4 /CC) to prepare a single atom site catalyst (SASC) and successfully used in Li‐CO 2 battery. Li‐CO 2 batteries based on SA Ru‐Co 3 O 4 /CC cathode exhibit enhanced electrochemical performances including low overpotential, ultra high capacity, and long cycle life. Density functional theory calculations reveal that single atom Ru as the driving force center can significantly enhance the intrinsic affinity for key intermediates, thus enhancing the reaction kinetics of CO 2 reduction reaction in Li‐CO 2 batteries, and ultimately optimizing the growth pathway of discharge products. In addition, the Bader charge analysis indicates that Ru atoms as electron‐deficient centers can enhance the catalytic activity of SA Ru‐Co 3 O 4 /CC cathode for the CO 2 evolution reaction. It is believed that this work has important implications for the development of new SASCs and the design of efficient catalyst for Li‐CO 2 batteries.