No abstract

This study is motivated by the difficulty of leaners to understanding the concept of chemical bonding as a whole. Learning that does not represent submicroscopic level causes leaners difficulty to resolving submicroscopic based chemistry questions. This study aims to describe leaner's ability in represent the concept of chemical bonding at the submicroscopic level. A qualitative descriptive method used in this study. The participants of the study were 30 leaners XI grade of SMA Negeri 1 Meulaboh. The submicroscopic based test instrument was employed in the study to collect the data. The result of study showed that the leaner's ability of submicroscopic representation about chemical bonding as a whole falls into the category of enough with a percentage of 58.78%. The average leaners score is 59.32 included in the criteria of sufficient understanding. Generally, leaners were not able to solve the submicroscopic based questions about chemical bonding as expected. The low ability of submicroscopic representation is due to leaners are not used to describing the ions, electrons, and molecular shapes submicroscopically, understanding of chemical bonding concept that are not yet intact, lack of interest and attention of leaners in receiving concept in the learning process.

The Covid-19 pandemic has changed our activities, including activities in the learning process. Previously, the learning process was carried out directly in the classroom, but the pandemic has changed into online learning such as e-learning. The implementation of e-learning in schools should be followed by an analysis of the level of e-learning readiness (ELR). This study aims to determine the readiness level of State Senior High Schools (SMA Negeri) Banda Aceh, namely SMA Negeri 1, SMA Negeri 3 and SMA Negeri 4. The method used in this study was descriptive qualitative with the number of research subjects as many as 94 students and 2 teachers in each school. The instrument used in this study was a questionnaire compiled and validated based on the Aydin & Tasci ELR model. The results showed that the three schools obtained ELR scores respectively, SMA Negeri 1 () = 3.53, SMA Negeri 3 () = 3.54. The score showed that these schools are ready but need a few improvements in applying e-learning at school. Aspects that must be improved are humans, technology, innovation, and development.

Study on students' mental models analysis was done to identify misconceptions about solubility equilibria concept. The method employed in the study was a case study uses a qualitative approach. The participants were 23 students of class XI of a senior high school in Bandung. The instrument used in the study was the Diagnostic Test on Mental Model-Prediction, Observation, Explanation (TDM-POE). The results showed that there were diverse of students' misconceptions about the precipitate formation of a reaction, the effect of common ions and decrease in pH on solubility. Based on the results of the study, many misconceptions occur in the sub concept of the effect of common ions on solubility. Misconceptions arise because students have incomplete mental models at the submicroscopic level.

Model mental menggambarkan kemampuan konseptual siswa dalam memahami dan mempertautkan konsep kimia pada level makroksopik, submikroskopik, dan simbolik. Guru perlu memeriksa model mental yang dikembangkan siswa untuk mengidentifikasi kesalahan konsep dalam pembelajaran. Model mental siswa dapat dieksplorasi secara luas menggunakan tes diagnostik. Untuk itu, penelitian ini mengembangkan sebuah instrumen tes diagnostik menggunakan motode prediksi-observasi-eksplanasi. Instrumen ini dapat digunakan guru untuk menggali model mental siswa pada konsep reaksi kimia. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Reaserch and Development (R&D) meliputi kajian standar isi kurikulum 2013 dan representasi materi; penyusunan indikator, soal dan jawaban tes; validasi ahli; uji coba soal; dan uji coba identifikasi model mental siswa. Tes diagnostik POE-Reaksi Kimia terdiri atas 4 soal. Setiap soal terbagi menjadi 3 bagian yang menggali model mental siswa pada bagian prediksi, observasi, dan eksplanasi berbasis multipel representasi. Secara konten dan pedagogi, tes diagnostik POE-Reaksi Kimia dinyatakan valid oleh 6 dosen tim ahli. Berdasarkan hasil uji coba ditemukan bahwa Tes Diagnostik POE-Reaksi Kimia mempunyai aspek keterbacaan yang baik. Tes ini mampu menggali 10 tipe model mental siswa terhadap suatu reaksi kimia pada level makroskopik, submikroskopik dan simbolik.