We describe two new cynodonts from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil. One taxon, Bonacynodon schultzi gen. et sp. nov., comes from the lower Carnian Dinodontosaurus AZ, being correlated with the faunal association at the upper half of the lower member of the Chañares Formation (Ischigualasto-Villa Unión Basin, Argentina). Phylogenetically, Bonacynodon is a closer relative to Probainognathus jenseni than to any other probainognathian, bearing conspicuous canines with a denticulate distal margin. The other new taxon is Santacruzgnathus abdalai gen. et sp. nov. from the Carnian Santacruzodon AZ. Although based exclusively on a partial lower jaw, it represents a probainognathian close to Prozostrodon from the Hyperodapedon AZ and to Brasilodon, Brasilitherium and Botucaraitherium from the Riograndia AZ. The two new cynodonts and the phylogenetic hypothesis presented herein indicate the degree to which our knowledge on probainognathian cynodonts is incomplete and also the relevance of the South American fossil record for understanding their evolutionary significance. The taxonomic diversity and abundance of probainognathians from Brazil and Argentina will form the basis of deep and complex studies to address the evolutionary transformations of cynodonts leading to mammals.
The small tetrapod Candelaria barbouri, from the Middle Triassic of southern Brazil, is the first example of an owenettid procolophonoid outside Africa and Madagascar. Candelaria barbouri was originally described as a primitive procolophonid; however, a re-examination of the holotype, as well as new material, reveals that C. barbouri is in fact the youngest member of the Owenettidae, extending the chronological range of the group by more than 10 million years. The recognition of C. barbouri as an owenettid points to a broader diversity and distribution for owenettids than hitherto thought. In addition, C. barbouri is the first member of the Owenettidae to exhibit temporal fenestrae, a discovery that draws attention to the significance of this feature in 'anapsid' reptiles.
O estado do Rio Grande do Sul é reconhecido por pesquisadores que se dedicam à paleontologia pelo significativo registro de fósseis. Nesse cenário, destaca-se a cidade de Mata, conhecida como a cidade de pedra que foi madeira, devido à vasta ocorrência de fósseis vegetais do Período Triássico. O presente artigo propõe-se a investigar de que maneira ocorre a abordagem da Paleontologia nas unidades escolares em Mata, a partir de uma pesquisa-ação, que analisou as concepções prévias dos educandos e buscou retomar possíveis conceitos paleontológicos abordados pelos professores, enfocando a riqueza paleontológica do município, a partir de uma proposta de ensino contextualizada à realidade local. Valendo-se de uma abordagem qualitativa/indutiva, foram aplicados questionários pré e pós intervenção a estudantes de 5 escolas públicas (municipais e estaduais), em turmas de 6° ano do ensino fundamental ao 3° ano do ensino médio, totalizando 101 alunos. A intervenção pedagógica seguiu a metodologia do Arco de Maguerez. Os resultados indicam que as ideias prévias dos alunos mostravam um conhecimento superficial sobre a temática paleontológica e que a intervenção pedagógica possibilitou um aprofundamento dos conhecimentos de forma contextualizada, baseado na realidade local dos educandos e proporcionando, assim, uma aproximação do conhecimento científico com o cotidiano.
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