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Orange jasmine, Murraya paniculata (Rutaceae), is a plant from India widely used in folk medicine as antinociceptive, antiinflammatory, and antioxidant. Although oral hypoglycemic agents and insulin are the mainstays of treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM), there is a significant demand for new natural products to reduce the development of diabetic complications. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were treated for 60 days with a hydroalcoholic extract of M. paniculata (MPE), at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg. MPE decreased glycemia and also cholesterol and triglyceride levels, starting 1 week after treatments, as compared with the same group before treatments. Glucose values were reduced toward normality after 1 week of treatment. MPE hypoglycemic effects were potentiated by glibenclamide and metformin. MPE also decreased fructosamine and glycated hemoglobin values. MPE reduced diabetes-induced morphological alterations of the kidney, pancreas, and liver. MPE acts similarly to glibenclamide and metformin, and its glucose-lowering action is partly a consequence of ATP-sensitive K channel inhibition. MPE may be a potential therapeutic alternative for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A descoberta dos antimicrobianos na primeira metade do século XX reduziu drasticamente as taxas de mortalidade, que até então era umas das principais causas de mortes. No entanto a utilização inadequada destes fármacos levou ao crescimento descontrolado da resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar uma revisão integrativa sobre os diferentes tipos de resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos e o papel do farmacêutico no controle do uso racional de antibióticos. Os ABSTRACTThe discovery of antibiotics in the first half of the twentieth century has dramatically reduced mortality rates, which until then was one of the main causes of death. However the misuse of these drugs has led to the uncontrolled growth of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials. This study aimed to conduct a literature review on the different types of bacterial resistance to antibiotics and the pharmacist's role in controlling the rational use of antibiotics. The data collected for this study were obtained from books and electronic databases LILACS, SciELO and BDTD published between 2004 and2014. Using the descriptors ( DeCS ) anti -infectives; pharmaceutical attention; microbial resistance in an integrated manner, resulting in 278 research sources , which 32 met the inclusion criteria . In this sense, the pharmacist plays a key role in preventing the inappropriate use of antimicrobials is in pharmacies, whether in the public or private health. So that actions to prevent bacterial resistance to be effective, the interaction of all health professionals is essential, with the main objective of preventing the spread and eliminate the resistant pathogen.

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