Introduction: Immobilization in a hip spica cast is required in surgical and nonsurgical treatments for children aged three months to four years diagnosed with developmental dysplasia of the hip. Skin complications are associated with the use of the spica cast in 30% of the cases. This research explores the use of photogrammetry and rapid prototyping for the production of a lighter, shower friendly and hygienic hip orthosis that could replace the hip spica cast. Methods: Digitalized data of a plastic dool was used for design and fabrication of a customised hip orthosis following four steps: 1) Digitalization of the external anatomical structure by photogrammetry using a smartphone and open source software; 2) Idealization and 3D modeling of the hip orthosis; 3) Rapid prototyping of a low cost orthosis in polymer polylact acid; 4) Evaluation tests. Results: Photogrammetry provided a good 3D reconstruction of the dool's hip and legs. The manufacture method to produce the hip orthosis was accurate in fitting the hip orthosis to the contours of the doll. The orthosis could be easily placed on the doll ensuring mechanical strength to immobilize the region of the hip. Conclusion: A new approach and the feasibility of both techniques for hip orthosis fabrication were described. It represents an exciting advance for the development of hip orthosis that could be used in orthopedics. To test the effectiveness of this orthosis for developmental dysplasia of the hip treatment in newborns, material and mechanical tests, design optimization and physical tests with patients should be carried.

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Purpose: Forensic facial reconstruction (FFR) is an auxiliary technique that approximates a face in order to generate identifications. Technological development allows access to open software that can be applied to FFR. The demonstrated protocol has features from creating 3D replicas of the skull to finishing and displaying the reconstruction. PPT GUI is used for 3D scanning, and the resulting point cloud is converted into a 3D mesh in MeshLab. The sculpture is made in Blender, according to the user’s preferred technique. The adaptation of the skin layer and finishing of the reconstruction is optimized with the use of templates. In this phase, details can also be hand-carved. Allied to basic training in the software featured in this protocol, the open access to these tools and its independence of imaging hardware other than digital cameras is an advantage to its application in forensic and research contexts.

Purpose To assess whether virtual simulations of the projection of the soft tissues of the face after class II bimaxillary orthognathic surgery, generated from 3D reconstruction of preoperative computed tomography (CT) scans, differed significantly from the actual soft tissue profile obtained in the late postoperative period (beyond 6 months). Secondarily, to validate the accuracy of a free, open-source software suite for virtual soft tissue planning in orthognathic surgery. Methods Helical CT scans were obtained pre- and postoperatively from 16 patients with Angle class II malocclusion who underwent bimaxillary orthognathic surgery. A comparative study between soft tissue meshes constructed for surgical simulation (M1) and the actual meshes obtained from postoperative scans (M2) was then performed. To establish the accuracy of 3D facial soft tissue simulation in a free and open-source software suite (OrtogOnBlender-OOB), 17 predetermined anatomic landmarks were measured in M1 and M2 scans after alignment of cranial structures. Results The mean error between preoperative simulations and actual postoperative findings was < 2 mm for all anthropometric landmarks. The overall average error for the facial soft tissues was 1.07 mm. Conclusion Comparison between preoperative simulation (M1) and actual postoperative findings (M2) showed clinically relevant ability of the method to reproduce actual surgical movement reliably (< 2-mm error). OOB is capable of accurate soft tissue planning for orthognathic surgery, but mesh deformation methods still require improvement. Trial registration RBR-88jff9 . Retrospectively registered at Brazilian Registry of Clinical trials-ReBec ( http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br ) May 06, 2020.

Forensic facial approximation (popularly known as forensic facial reconstruction) is a technique that consists in reconstructing the face of an individual directly on his skull or on a replica of it [1-3].