Poor environmental sanitation is suspected to be one of the causes of soil transmitted helminthes (STH) infection. Environmental sanitation consists of water sources, latrine, sewerage, garbage disposal facilities, and floor type. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between environmental sanitation and the incidence of STH infection in primary school children. This was an observational analytic study with cross-sectional design. The subjects were 80 students of two elementary schools in Jember. Stool samples were collected and examined by Kato-Katz method. Data of environmental sanitation was collected by questionnaire and direct observation. Kato-Katz examination showed that 9 samples (11,3%) infected by Ascaris lumbricoides. The majority respondents had not fulfilled requirements of good environmental sanitation. The result of Spearman test showed that there was a significant correlation between STH infection and latrine (p=0,02) but there were no significant relationship between STH infection and environmental sanitation (p = 0.165), gender (p = 0,669), age (p = 0,92), water source (p = 0.084), sewerage (p = 0.146), garbage disposal facilities (p = 0,728), and floor type (p = 0,065).

Eye chemical trauma was an eye trauma caused by a substance with a pH<7 (acid) and pH>7 (alkali). Chemical trauma can be caused by pesticides. In Indonesia, 78.9% of farmers had eye complaints due to pesticides exposure. The occurrence of alkali chemical trauma of eye could cause cornea neovascularization (CNV). Alkali chemical trauma caused intense inflammation resulting a vascularization of the cornea that was supposed to be avascular. The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract the cornea neovascularization of wistar rats chemical trauma model. This research used true experimental design method with post-test only controlled group design. The sample of this study were 30 male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) divided into six groups, 1 positive control group (dexamethasone 0.1%), 1  negative control group (DMSO 0,1%), and 4 treatment groups of Isotoma longiflora leaves extract (0.25 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 2 mg/ml). The result of Shapiro-Wilk and Levene's test showed that p>0.05 that means the data was normally distributed and has the same variant. One Way ANOVA test results obtained significant differences between groups on the 7th day (p=0.001). The result of Post Hoc LSD test showed that group P3 and P4 were significantly different to negative control, P1 and P2 groups. P3 and P4 groups with 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml Isotoma longiflora leaves extract could inhibit cornea neovascularization.

Conjunctivitis is inflammation in the conjunctiva, with clinical signs of exudation, cellular infiltration, and vascular dilatation. In adults, Staphylococcus species are the most common pathogenic bacteria resulting in bacterial conjunctivitis. Previous studies in vitro, explaining that mulberry leaf extract can inhibit the growth of S. aureus bacteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf ethanol extract (Morus alba L.) on wistar mice conjunctivitis model by S. aureus. This type of research is true experimental with pretest-posttest control group design. The 24-wistar mice were adapted for 7 days. On day 8, a conjunctivitis induction was performed with 1.5 x 108 CFU / ml of S. aureus at 1 drop every 10 minutes for 1 hour (left 3 days) until conjunctivitis . On day 12 until day 19 (7 days), given mulberry leaf extract 45%, 55%, 65% and 75%. The results of TPC S. aureus logarithm on MSA medium of the 11th (pretest) day conjunctival swab and the 17th day (posttest) of rat adaptation were K (-) (5.70 and 4.07); K (+) (5.78 and 3.31); P1 (5.65 and 3.78); P2 (5.63 and 3.82); P3 (5.84 and 3.74); and P4 (5.69 and 3.63), with the posttest group there was improvement in conjunctivitis symptoms rather than the pretest group. The result of One Way Way Anova data analysis showed significant result at pretest p = 0,002 and posttest p = 0,046 (p <0,05) and paired t-test got significant result p = 0,000 (p <0,05). From this study it can be concluded that mulberry leaf extract (Morus alba L.) has the effect of decreasing the number of colonies of S. aureus bacteria and improving symptoms of conjunctivitis. Keywords: mulberry leaf extract, conjunctivitis, S. aureus

38In primary open angle glaucoma, decrease of hyaluronic acid level is related to extracellular matrix deposition of trabecular meshwork. Extracellular matrix deposition will increase humor aqueous outflow resistance which in turn increase the intraocular pressure. Key words : hyaluronic acid, primary open angle glaucoma, MMP-9Penurunan kadar asam hialuronat pada trabekular meshwork pasien glaukoma sudut terbuka primer diduga mempunyai korelasi dengan peningkatan deposit matriks ekstraselular sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan resistensi outflow humor akuos yang pada akhirnya akan meningkatkan tekanan intra okuli. Salah satu famili matriks metaloproteinase (MMP) yang mempunyai kemampuan degradasi tinggi terhadap matriks ekstra selular adalah MMP-9. Ekspresi MMP-9 diduga dapat diaktivasi oleh asam hialuronat melalui ikatannya dengan reseptor utamanya yaitu CD44. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah paparan asam hialuronat dapat meningkatkan ekspresi MMP-9 kultur sel trabekular meshwork pasien glaukoma sudut terbuka primer dengan metode imunohistokimia. Setelah dilakukan pemaparan asam hialuronat selama 24 jam pada 4 konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap kultur sel trabekular meshwork yaitu 0 mg/ml sebagai kelompok kontrol dan 1mg/ml, 3mg/ml serta 6 mg/ml sebagai kelompok perlakuan, didapatkan hasil bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara ekspresi MMP-9 kelompok kontrol dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan. Didapatkan korelasi yang signifikan antara paparan asam hialuronat dengan ekspresi MMP-9 kultur sel trabekular meshwork, dan paparan asam hialuronat dapat mempengaruhi ekspresi MMP-9 kultur sel trabekular meshwork. Peningkatan ekspresi MMP-9 seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi asam hialuronat yang diberikan. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa asam hialuronat dapat menurunkan resistensi humor akuos outflow di trabekular meshwork dengan mengaktivasi ekspresi MMP-9 sehingga terjadi peningkatan degradasi matriks ekstra seluler.

Surgical site infection (SSI) in open fracture is often caused by bacterial contamination in the management of open fracture. Because of that, one of the most important thing in handling open fracture is debridement. Prophylactic antibiotics given are Cephalosporin and Aminoglycosides. Post-debridement culture is important in predicting the incidence of infection. One of the bacteria that is often found in post-debridement culture is Klebsiella spp. which can produce ESBL to fight β-lactam class of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine antibiotic sensitivity against Klebsiella spp. in the post-debridement culture of cases of open fractures in the emergency department of dr. Soebandi hospital Jember. This study uses a laboratory exploratory research design. The sample of this study was the isolate of Klebsiella spp. which amounts to 5 from post debridement culture of open fracture patients in the emergency department of dr. Soebandi hospital Jember from March to May 2019.The method used is diffusion (Kirby Baurer) by matching using the CLSI standard table to determine sensitive, intermediate, or resistant. The results of this study showed that most antibiotics had resistance to Klebsiella spp., including β-lactam antibiotics, such as Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, Cefixime, Penicilin, Meropenem, and Cefadroxil. Vancomycin antibiotics are still sensitive to Klebsiella spp. in all patients. Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol antibiotics were sensitive in 1 patient. Erythromycin intermediates antibiotics against Klebsiella spp.. The conclusion of this study is that all β-lactam group antibiotics are resistant to Klebsiella spp while the most sensitive antibiotic is Vancomycin.