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Our results suggest that dissociation may be a predictor of poorer treatment outcome in patients with OCD; therefore, a better understanding of the mechanisms that underlie this phenomenon may be useful. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to verify if this variable represents predictive factors of treatment non-response.

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate whether the psychopathological symptoms and temperament-character dimensions observed in patients operated due to coronary artery disease (CAD) or valvular heart disease (VHD) differ among the patients and from healthy individuals.MethodsStudy population was composed of subjects with CAD, VHD and healthy controls (n = 50 in each group). Socio-demographic questionnaire, temperament and character inventory (TCI) and symptom check list-90-R (SCL-90-R) were applied to all groups. Groups were compared about temperament-character dimensions and scores of subscales of SCL-90-R.ResultsHarm avoidance was found to be higher in VHD group than those with CAD and, lower in healthy controls than both patient groups (P = 0.004). Reward dependence was similar among both patient groups and, was higher than healthy group (P = 0.015). Depression, anxiety, somatization, obsession and interpersonal sensitivity were found to be similar in both patient groups but they were higher than those in controls (P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P < 0.001, P = 0.002 and P = 0.003, respectively). Phobia was seen equally in CAD group and healthy controls and, was found to be lower in these than in VHD (P = 0.009). Anger score was in descending order in patients with VHD, CAD and healthy controls group (P = 0.010 and 0.001). Paranoia was in descending order in patients with VHD, CAD and controls (P = 0.015 and 0.001). A weak and inverse correlation was found between ejection fraction (EF) and the persistence dimension of temperament scaled by TCI in patients with VHD (r = -0.276, P = 0.052). An inverse correlation was observed between EF and the reward dependence dimension in CAD group (r = -0.195, P = 0.044). In patients with VHD, EF demonstrated an inversely weak (r = -0.289, P = 0.042), moderate (r = -0.360, P = 0.010) and strong (r = -0.649, P < 0.001) correlation with inter-personal sensitivity, phobia and paranoia, respectively. There was an inverse and weak correlation between EF and depression and anger in VHD group (r = -0.302, P = 0.033 and r = -0.240, P = 0.054).ConclusionVHD and CAD exhibit different psychopathological symptoms and temperament traits. There is a correlation between the aforementioned psychopathological symptoms and temperament traits, and EF.

ÖZETBipolar bozuklukta cinsiyetin etkisini araştıran çalışmalar son yıllarda giderek artmaktadır. Karma atak ve disforik durumlar, depresif atak, hızlı döngülülük, mevsimsel gidiş, hipotiroidi, migren ve obezite başta olmak üzere bedensel hastalık eştanısı bipolar bozukluğu olan kadınlarda erkeklerden daha sık gö-rülmektedir. Alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluğu eş tanısı erkek bipolar bozukluk olgularında daha sık olmakla birlikte, kadınlarda alkol ve madde kullanım bozukluğu geliştirme riski, erkek bipolar bozukluk olgularına göre daha yüksektir. Bipolar bozukluğu olan kadınlarda iki yaşam dönemi, gebelik ve doğum sonrası dönem, alevlenme ve yinelemeler yönünden özel önem taşı-maktadır. Anahtar Sözcükler: Kadın, cinsiyet, bipolar bozukluk, mani. ABSTRACTThe research on gender's role in bipolar disorders has drawn significant interest recently. The presentation and course of bipolar disorder differs between women and men. Women experience depressive episodes, dysphoric mood, mixed states, rapid cycling and seasonal patterns more often than men. Comorbidity, particularly thyroid disease, migraine, obesity, and anxiety disorders laso occur more frequently in women than men. On the other hand men with bipolar disorder are also more likely than women to have problems with drug or alcohol abuse. The pregnancy and postpartum period is a time of high risk for onset and recurrence of bipolar disorder in women.