The growing cognizance of environmental matters elucidates the increasing attention thought the evaluation of bio‐based by‐products and waste materials in various applications. The agricultural‐based industry results in considerable amounts of residues containing silica. In the past decade, extensive research studies had been executed to evaluate agricultural waste materials such as rice husk and rice straw. The results of the studies point out the possibility of evaluating such wastes to produce silica‐based materials. Wheat husk is such an abundantly available waste obtained from the wheat milling process. It is containing noncrystalline silica, and thus, it can also be evaluated to produce value added materials. This study presents a comprehensive overview of the researches carried out on the properties and utilization of wheat husk as a silica source. The summary and discussion presented in this review would provide knowledge on wheat husk that is convenient to be utilized for the low‐cost and sustainable production of silica‐based materials such as aerogel, metal silicates, zeolite, silica‐based ceramics, and composites.

This study reports the chemical composition of essential oils and in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of essential oils, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and butanol extracts of aerial, flower and leaves parts of Erica manipuliflora. GC and GC/MS analyses were used for identification of essential oils. Totals of 47 compounds were detected in the essential oils of aerial, flower and leaves parts accounting for 99.99%, 99.88% and 99.97%, respectively. The major components of the aerial, flower and leaves parts of essential oils were Germacren D (14.76%, 15.55% and 13.58%), tau-cadinol (7.53%, 4.11% and 8.96%), caryophyllene oxide (3.92%, 5.17% and 8.55%), βcaryophyllene (7.24%, 5.97% and 7.73%), and α-terpineol (6.85%, 6.14% and 4.18%), respectively. The essential oils of aerial (34.49%) and leaves (37.01%) parts consisted of mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons whereas essential oil of flower part (42.58%) included monoterpenoids. The essential oils and extracts were screened for their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. The results of activities showed that extracts possessed the highest antioxidant activity while essential oils had the highest anticholinesterase activity. This finding supposes that E. manipuliflora may be considered as valuable natural source with antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

This study reported the chemical composition of essential oils of Lavender (L. angustifolia subs. angustifolia) and Lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia var. Super A). GC and GC/MS analyses were used for the identification of essential oils. The essential oils from fresh and air-dried aerial parts of Lavender and Lavandin were obtained by hydrodistillation method. In total, 49, 51, 50 and 40 constituents were identified and quantified in the essential oils of fresh and air-dried aerial parts of L. angustifolia and L. intermedia (fresh and air-dried aerial parts), respectively. The major components of essential oils of L. angustifolia (fresh), L. angustifolia (air-dried aerial parts), L.

Erica species are generally spread along the coasts of Turkey. There are five Erica species in these regions, namely; E. arborea, E. manipuliflora, E, bocquetii, E. sicula subsp. Libanotica and E. spiculifolia salisb. Among these species, E. manipuliflora is commonly found in Muğla and southwest part of Turkey. Erica species are called as "funda", "püren" or "tree heath" locally in Turkey and contain biologically active compounds such as flavonoids, coumarins and triterpenoids. Since ancient times, these species have been used as herbal tea and folk medicine by local people in Turkey. In folk medicine, they are used for diuretic, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory purposes. Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is useful for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. In this study anticholinesterase activity of aqueous extracts of leaves, flowers and aerial parts of E. manipuliflora have been investigated spectrophotometrically. The aerial parts extract of E. manipuliflora among the extracts (70.10%) showed the best inhibitory activity against AChE enzyme at 200 µg/mL concentrations. The extracts of leaves and flowers showed 44.42%, 49.91% inhibitions against acetylcholinesterase enzyme at 200 µg/mL concentrations respectively.The flowers extract of E. manipuliflora (80.41%) exhibited the best BChE inhibitory activity at 200 µg/mL concentrations. At the same concentration, the galantamine showed 82.23% inhibitory activity. Leaves and aerial parts extracts showed 15,75%, 31.62% inhibitory activity against BChE respectively. Hence, aerial parts of E. manipuliflora may be useful as a moderate anticholinesterase agent, and flowers of E. manipuliflora may be useful as the butyrylcholinesterase agent.

This study describes a multi-ion-selective electrode system for the simultaneous determination of nitrate and chloride ions in air samples by using multivariate calibration methods. The measurement system was constituted of two ion-selective electrodes, an Ag/AgCl double-junction reference electrode and a multi-potentiometer. The measurements were performed at pH 5.0 acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer. The obtained data were evaluated by using Partial Least Squares (PLS1). The system was used to analyze the synthetic samples and fume-hood samples in terms of the amount of chloride and nitrate. The percentage recovery values obtained from fume-hood samples were 93.8% ± 3.8 and 102.4% ± 2.5 for chloride and nitrate, respectively. The presented system could be an easy-to-use approach for monitoring the amount of chloride and nitrate species in the scope of occupational health and safety analysis.