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This study reports the chemical composition of essential oils and in vitro antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of essential oils, hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and butanol extracts of aerial, flower and leaves parts of Erica manipuliflora. GC and GC/MS analyses were used for identification of essential oils. Totals of 47 compounds were detected in the essential oils of aerial, flower and leaves parts accounting for 99.99%, 99.88% and 99.97%, respectively. The major components of the aerial, flower and leaves parts of essential oils were Germacren D (14.76%, 15.55% and 13.58%), tau-cadinol (7.53%, 4.11% and 8.96%), caryophyllene oxide (3.92%, 5.17% and 8.55%), βcaryophyllene (7.24%, 5.97% and 7.73%), and α-terpineol (6.85%, 6.14% and 4.18%), respectively. The essential oils of aerial (34.49%) and leaves (37.01%) parts consisted of mainly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons whereas essential oil of flower part (42.58%) included monoterpenoids. The essential oils and extracts were screened for their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. The results of activities showed that extracts possessed the highest antioxidant activity while essential oils had the highest anticholinesterase activity. This finding supposes that E. manipuliflora may be considered as valuable natural source with antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties for food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

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Sunflower honey (SH) is bright yellow, fragrant, pollen‐flavoured, slightly herbaceous and has a unique taste. The present research aims to examine the enzyme inhibitory, antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, antimicrobial and anti‐quorum sensing activities and phenolic compositions of 30 sunflower honeys (SHs) produced from several regions of Turkey with chemometric study. SAH from Samsun exhibited the best antioxidant activity in β‐carotene linoleic acid (IC50: 7.33±0.17 mg/mL) and CUPRAC (A0.50: 4.94±0.13 mg/mL) assays, anti‐urease activity (60.63±0.87 %) and anti‐inflammatory activity against COX‐1 (73.94±1.08 %) and COX‐2 (44.96±0.85 %). SHs exhibited mild antimicrobial activity against the test microorganisms while they showed high quorum sensing inhibition zones measured in the range of 42–52 mm against the CV026 strain. The phenolic composition was determined by high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC‐DAD) system and levulinic, gallic, p‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic and p‐coumaric acids were identified in all studied SHs. The classification of SHs was performed the using PCA and HCA. This study revealed that phenolic compounds and biological properties are effective in classification of SHs according to their geographical origin. The results suggest that studied SHs could be valued as potential agents with versatile bioactivities in oxidative stress‐related disease, microbial infections, inflammation, melanoma, and peptic ulcer.

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