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Amalgam restorations in contact with saliva and tissue fluid act as concentration cells. The galvanic current is associated with selective attack of the γ 2 phase and loss of mechanical properties. Tin is deposited in the underlying dentin. Cavity liners do not stop the degradation.

Identification of microstructural phases discussed in the literature was confirmed by microprobe using visual display. Rigorous point counting techniques yield volume proportions of crystalline phases and porosity, but localized composition variations characteristic of condensed amalgams make it seldom worth the effort. Visual comparison with standards is a simple and effective alternative.

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