Expanding human population and economic growth have lead to large-scale conversion of natural habitat to human-dominated landscapes with consequent large-scale declines in biodiversity. Conserving biodiversity, while at the same time meeting expanding human needs, is an issue of utmost importance. In this paper we develop a spatially explicit landscape-level model for analyzing the biological and economic consequences of alternative land-use patterns. The spatially-explicit biological model incorporates habitat preferences, area requirements and dispersal ability between habitat patches for terrestrial vertebrate species to predict the likely number of species that will be sustained on the landscape. The spatially explicit economic model incorporates site characteristics and location to predict economic returns in a variety of potential land uses. We use the model to search for efficient land-use patterns that maximize biodiversity conservation objectives for a given level of economic returns, and vice-versa. We apply the model to the Willamette Basin, Oregon, USA. By thinking carefully about the arrangement of activities, we find land-use patterns that sustain high biodiversity and economic returns. Compared to the current land-use pattern, we show that both biodiversity conservation and the value of economic activity could be increased substantially.
An integrated model, combining spatial wildlife population and timber harvest and growth models, was developed to explore tradeoffs between the likelihood of persistence of a wildlife species, the northern flying squirrel (Glaucomys sabrinus), and timber production on a landscape on the west side of the Oregon Cascade Range. A simplified wildlife model was developed from the fully parameterized spatial wildlife model, using a habitat neighborhoodweighting scheme, for use in the optimization. Simulated annealing, a heuristic optimization technique, was used to solve for harvest schedules that maximized the net present value of timber harvest subject to a target value for likelihood of species persistence over a 100-year planning period. By solving this problem for a range of species persistence targets, a production possibility frontier was developed that showed tradeoffs between timber harvest value and likelihood of species persistence on this landscape. Although the results are specific to the wildlife species and the landscape analyzed, the approach is general and provides a structure for future models that will help land managers and forest planners to understand tradeoffs among competing resource uses.Résumé : Un modèle intégré, combinant des modèles à référence spatiale de populations fauniques et de récolte et croissance de matière ligneuse, a été développé pour explorer les compromis entre la probabilité de persistance d'une espèce faunique, le grand polatouche (Glaucomys sabrinus), et la production ligneuse dans un paysage du versant ouest de la chaîne des Cascades en Oregon. Un modèle faunique simplifié a été développé, à des fins d'optimisation, à partir du modèle faunique à référence spatiale paramétrique complet en utilisant un système de pondération des habitats voisins. L'adoucissement simulé, une technique heuristique d'optimisation, a été utilisé pour produire des cédules de récolte qui maximisent la valeur actuelle nette de la récolte ligneuse tout en visant une valeur-cible de probabilité de persistance de l'espèce sur une période de 100 ans. En produisant ces cédules pour une gamme de cibles de persistance de l'espèce, nous avons pu déterminer une frontière des possibilités de production qui montrait les compromis entre la valeur de la récolte ligneuse et la probabilité de persistance de l'espèce dans le paysage. Malgré que les résultats soient spécifiques à l'espèce faunique et au paysage étudiés, l'approche est généralisable et elle fournit un cadre pour de futurs modèles qui aideront les aménagistes du territoire et les planificateurs forestiers à comprendre les compromis entre l'utilisation de ressources concurrentes.[Traduit par la Rédaction] Calkin et al. 1342
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