Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos de diferentes níveis de EM sobre o desempenho e a qualidade de ovos de codornas européias em postura. Foram utilizadas 240 codornas européias dos 56 aos 168 dias de idade, distribuídas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos (2.650, 2.750, 2.850, 2.950 e 3.050 kcal de EM/kg), seis repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. As rações foram formuladas à base de milho e farelo de soja e continham 20% PB, 2,5% Ca, 1,17% lisina e 0,802% metionina+cistina total. Foram analisados os consumos de ração (g/ave/dia) e de energia (kcal de EM/ave/dia), a produção total de ovos (%/ave/dia) e de ovos comercializáveis (%/ave/dia), o peso (g) e a massa dos ovos (g/ave/dia), a conversão alimentar (kg de ração/kg de ovo e por dúzia de ovos), o ganho de peso corporal (g), a eficiência energética (kcal de EM/dúzia e por quilo de ovos), os pesos de gema, albúmem e casca (g) e a concentração de colesterol na gema (mg/g). O aumento dos níveis de EM na ração ocasionou redução linear do consumo de ração e dos pesos de ovo, de gema e de albúmem e melhora linear da conversão alimentar (por massa e por dúzia de ovos) e de eficiência da utilização de energia para produção de uma dúzia de ovos. Observou-se comportamento quadrático para a produção de ovos, indicando maior produção em aves alimentadas com ração contendo 2.900 kcal de EM/kg. Os demais parâmetros avaliados não foram influenciados pelos níveis de energia. Rações para codornas européias em fase inicial de postura devem conter 3.050 kcal de EM/kg (correspondente a um consumo de 82,4 kcal de EM/ave/dia) para melhor conversão alimentar por massa e por dúzia de ovos ou 2.900 kcal de EM/kg (consumo de 87 kcal de EM/ave/dia) para melhor produção de ovos.

No abstract

On the basis of partial sequencing of the infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) S1 gene, this study investigated the molecular diversity of the virus in two life periods of a batch of breeding hens at the field level. The chicks were vaccinated against IBV on the second day of life with the vaccine Ma5, but at the age of 18 days, they exhibited clinical signs and macroscopic lesions compatible with avian infectious bronchitis (IB). In the clinical disease stage, the Ma5 vaccine strain was detected in the trachea, lungs, and small intestine of the chicks, while IBV variants were detected in the bursa of Fabricius and kidneys. Subsequently, new samples were collected from the same batch at the end of the production cycle. In this phase, the Ma5 vaccine strain was detected in the kidneys, small intestine, and oviduct of the hens. However, a previously unidentified IBV variant was found in the cecal tonsils. Additionally, a fragment of viral RNA with that was completely identical to the corresponding region of the Ma5 vaccine was detected in the allantoic fluid of viable embryos from the hens under study after 18 days of incubation. These findings suggest that, in addition to the Ma5 vaccine, other strains of IBV variants can coexist, seeming to establish a chronic infection in the chickens, and that they can potentially be transmitted vertically. These results may assist in immunoprophylaxis control programs against IBV.

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is currently one of the most important pathogens in the poultry industry. The H120 and Ma5 are the only viral strains approved by the Brazilian government as the constituent of vaccines. Despite the systematic vaccination in Brazil, IBV has not yet been controlled and diseases associated with this virus have been reported in vaccinated chickens. Here, we investigated the genetic variability of H120 and Ma5 strains present in the IBV vaccines from different Brazilian manufacturers. We performed DNA sequencing analyses of the S1 spike glycoprotein gene to investigate its genetic variability and the presence of viral subpopulations among vaccines, between batches, and also in each vaccine after a single passage was performed in chicken embryonated eggs. Our results revealed up to 13 amino acid substitutions among vaccines and some of them were localized in regions of the S1 glycoprotein that play a role in virus-host interaction. Secondary nucleotide peaks identified in the chromatogram for the S1 gene sequence revealed that all original vaccines (H120 and Ma5) were composed by different subpopulations of IBV. Moreover, new viral subpopulations were also found in vaccines after a single passage in chicken embryonated eggs. These findings indicate that H120 and Ma5 viral strains used in vaccines market in Brazil can still mutate very rapidly during replication, leading to amino acid substitutions in proteins involved in the stimulation of the immune response, such as the S1 glycoprotein. Therefore, our data suggest that the genetic variability of these viral strains should be taken into consideration to ensure an effective immune response against IBV.

Communication[Comunicação] Isolation and genetic stability of an infectious bronchitis virus strain (IBV)[Isolamento e estabilidade genética de uma cepa do vírus da bronquite infecciosa (IBV)]