Adult'autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), which is often seen as a rare and "benign" autoimmune hematological disease, can be lifethreatening with an overall mortality rate from 8% to 20% depending on the series 1-3 and a short-term mortality rate that can be up to 30% in intensive care units (ICUs). 4 Factors associated with the need for ICU management of patients with severe AIHA remain partially unknown because only few data are available in the literature. [3][4][5] The aims of this retrospective observational multicenter study set up by the French reference center for adult immune cytopenias were to:(1) better describe the baseline characteristics and outcome of adults with severe AIHA admitted to an ICU, (2) investigate the factors associated with mortality in the ICU, and (3) identify factors at AIHA diagnosis associated with admission to an ICU. To be included in the study, patients had to (1) be ≥16 years old at the time of AIHA onset;(2) have a diagnosis of AIHA defined as hemoglobin level <12 g/dL, with ≥2 features of hemolysis among low haptoglobin level and/or elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level and/or elevated free bilirubin level, and a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) with no other cause of acquired or hereditary hemolytic anemia; and (3) at least one admission to an ICU specifically for AIHA management between January 2013 and December 2020. We excluded patients with nonautoimmune hemolytic anemia, DAT-negative AIHA and drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia and those admitted to the ICU for another reason than severity of AIHA. Baseline data in the ICU included the Charlson Comorbidity Index, the Knaus score, the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA), and Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS) II. The Bone Marrow Reticulocytes Index (BMRI) was calculated from these data using the formula (absolute reticulocyte count Â10 9 /L Â patient's hemoglobin level [g/dL]/normal hemoglobin level [g/dL]). Inadequate reticulocytosis was defined as BMRI <121. 3 Response to treatment for warm AIHA (wAIHA) was defined according to standard definition. 3,6 In the ICU group, characteristics of patients who died in the ICU or at 1 year after ICU discharge were compared to survivors by the Fisher exact test for categorical variables and Student t test or Mann-Whitney test for quantitative variables as appropriate. We also compared the characteristics of patients from the ICU group and adults with AIHA diagnosed over the same period (2000-2021) who had never been admitted to an ICU (the non-ICU group). The characteristics

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Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) is a large vessel vasculitis that may complicate with cerebrovascular ischemic events. The objective was to describe clinical and vascular features of TA patients with cerebrovascular ischemic events and to identify risk factors for these events. Methods: We analyzed the prevalence and type of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA), factors associated with cerebrovascular ischemic events, and stroke-free survival in a large cohort fulfilling the American College of Rheumatology or Ishikawa criteria of TA. Results: Among 320 patients with TA (median age at diagnosis, 36 [25–47] years; 261 [86%] women), 63 (20%) had a stroke (n=41; 65%) or TIA (n=22; 35%). Ischemic event localized in the carotid territory for 55 (87%) patients and the vertebral artery territory in 8 (13%) patients. Multiple stenosis were observed in 33 (52%) patients with a median number of stenosis of 2 (minimum, 0 to maximum, 11), and aneurysms were observed in 10 (16%) patients. A history of stroke or TIA before TA diagnosis (hazard ratio [HR], 4.50 [2.45–8.17]; P <0.0001), smoking (HR, 1.75 [1.01–3.02]; P =0.05), myocardial infarction history (HR, 0.21 [0.05–0.89]; P =0.039), thoracic aorta involvement (HR, 2.05 [1.30–3.75]; P =0.023), time from first symptoms to diagnosis >1 year (HR, 2.22 [1.30–3.80]; P =0.005), and aspirin treatment (HR, 1.82 [1.04–3.19]; P =0.035) were associated with cerebrovascular ischemic event. In multivariate analysis, time from first symptoms to TA diagnosis >1 year (HR, 2.16 [1.27–3.70]; P =0.007) was independently associated with cerebrovascular ischemic events in patients with TA. The HR for cerebrovascular ischemic event in patients who already experienced a stroke/TIA was 5.11 (2.91–8.99; P <0.0001), compared with those who had not. Conclusions: Carotid stroke/TIA is frequent in TA. We identified factors associated with cerebrovascular ischemic events.