OBJETIVO: Analisar a pertinência do uso do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Sistema Único de Saúde na avaliação da qualidade da assistência ao infarto agudo do miocárdio. MÉTODOS: Foram analisados 1.936 formulários de Autorização de Internação Hospitalar (AIH) do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares registrados com o diagnóstico principal de infarto agudo do miocárdio no Município do Rio de Janeiro em 1997. Também foi analisada uma amostra aleatória de 391 prontuários médicos estratificada por hospitais. Avaliou-se o grau de confirmação do diagnóstico dessa doença segundo critérios estabelecidos pela literatura. A análise da precisão de variáveis foi realizada pelo Kappa. RESULTADOS: A qualidade do diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio da AIH foi satisfatória, com percentual de confirmação elevado, segundo critérios estabelecidos pela literatura (91,7%; IC95%=88,3-94,2). Em geral, a precisão das variáveis demográficas (sexo, faixa etária), de processo (uso de procedimentos e intervenções) e de resultado (óbito, motivo da saída) foi satisfatória. A precisão das variáveis demográficas e de resultado foi superior a das variáveis de processo. O elevado sub-registro do diagnóstico secundário na AIH foi a maior limitação observada. CONCLUSÕES: Considerando-se a ampla disponibilidade e os resultados descritos, avalia-se como pertinente o uso do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares na avaliação da qualidade da assistência ao infarto agudo do miocárdio.
Brazil has experienced a Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak with increased incidence of congenital malformations and neurological manifestations. We describe a case of a 26-year-old Brazilian Caucasian man infected with ZIKV and diagnosed with encephalomyelitis. Brain and spinal cord images showed hyperintense lesions on T2 and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the cerebrospinal fluid showed a remarkable increase of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. The observed pattern suggests immune activation during the acute phase, along with the neurological impairment, with normalization in the recovery phase. This is the first longitudinal report of ZIKV infection causing encephalomyelitis with documented immune activation.
OBJECTIVE To analyze the spatial distribution of risk for tuberculosis and its socioeconomic determinants in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.METHODS An ecological study on the association between the mean incidence rate of tuberculosis from 2004 to 2006 and socioeconomic indicators of the Censo Demográfico (Demographic Census) of 2000. The unit of analysis was the home district registered in the Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (Notifiable Diseases Information System) of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. The rates were standardized by sex and age group, and smoothed by the empirical Bayes method. Spatial autocorrelation was evaluated by Moran’s I. Multiple linear regression models were studied and the appropriateness of incorporating the spatial component in modeling was evaluated.RESULTS We observed a higher risk of the disease in some neighborhoods of the port and north regions, as well as a high incidence in the slums of Rocinha and Vidigal, in the south region, and Cidade de Deus, in the west. The final model identified a positive association for the variables: percentage of permanent private households in which the head of the house earns three to five minimum wages; percentage of individual residents in the neighborhood; and percentage of people living in homes with more than two people per bedroom.CONCLUSIONS The spatial analysis identified areas of risk of tuberculosis incidence in the neighborhoods of the city of Rio de Janeiro and also found spatial dependence for the incidence of tuberculosis and some socioeconomic variables. However, the inclusion of the space component in the final model was not required during the modeling process.
Objective: To describe the clinical and epidemiological profile of suspected COVID-19 cases admitted to a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and to identify factors associated with death. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using local epidemiological surveillance data as at epidemiological week 27 of 2020 and logistic regression. Results: 376 hospitalized suspected COVID-19 cases were included; 52.9% were female, 57.4% were 50 years old or over and 80.1% had comorbidities. 195 (51.9%) COVID-19 cases were confirmed and their lethality was higher (37.9%) than among discarded cases (24.2%). In the adjusted analysis, death among confirmed cases was associated with being in the 50-69 age group (OR=11.65-95%CI 1.69;80.33), being aged 70 or over (OR=8.43-95%CI 1.22;58.14), presence of neoplasms (OR=4.34-95%CI 1.28;14.76) and use of invasive ventilatory support (OR=70.20-95%CI 19.09;258.19). Conclusion: High prevalence of comorbidities and lethality was found; the main factors associated with death were being older, neoplasms and invasive ventilatory support.
OBJECTIVE:To describe the implantation and the effects of directly-observed treatment short course (DOTS) in primary health care units. METHODS:Interviews were held with the staff of nine municipal health care units (MHU) that provided DOTS in Rio de Janeiro City, Southeastern Brazil, in 2004-2005. A dataset with records of all tuberculosis treatments beginning in 2004 in all municipal health care units was collected. Bivariate analyses and a multinomial model were applied to identify associations between treatment outcomes and demographic and treatment process variables, including being in DOTS or self-administered therapy (SAT). RESULTS:From 4,598 tuberculosis cases treated in public health units administrated by the municipality, 1,118 (24.3%) were with DOTS and 3,480 (75.7%) with SAT. The odds of DOTS were higher among patients with age under 50 years, tuberculosis relapse and prior history of default or treatment failure. The odds of death were 52.0% higher among patients on DOTS as compared to SAT. DOTS modality including community health workers (CHWs) showed the highest treatment success rate. A reduction of 21.0% was observed in the odds of default (vs. cure) among patients on DOTS as compared to patients on SAT, and a reduction of 64.0% among patients on DOTS with CHWs as compared to those without CHWs. CONCLUSIONS:Patients with a "low compliance profi le" were more likely to be included in DOTS. This strategy improves the quality of care provided to tuberculosis patients, although the proposed goals were not achieved.
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