Perdigões is a large site with a set of ditched enclosures located at Reguengos de Monsaraz, Alentejo, South Portugal. Recently at the central area of this site burnt human remains were found in a pit (#16). This structure had inside human remains, animal bones (namely pig, sheep or goat, cattle, dog, deer and rabbit), shards, ivory idols and arrowheads. All have been subjected to fire and later deposited in that pit, resulting in a secondary disposal of human bones. The recovered fragmented human bones (4845.18 g) correspond to a minimal number of 9 individuals: 6 adults and 3 sub-adults. The aim of this work is to document and interpret this funerary context based on the study of the recovered human remains. For that purpose, observations of all alterations due to fire, such as colour change and type of bone distortion, as well as anthropological data were collected. The data obtained suggest that these human remains were probably intentionally cremated, carefully collected and finally deposited in this pit. The cremation was conducted on probably complete corpses, some of them still fairly fresh and fleshed, as some bones presented thumbnail fractures. The collective cremation of the pit 16 represents an unprecedented funerary context for Portuguese, and Iberian Peninsula, Chalcolithic burial practices. Moreover, it is an example of the increasing diversity of mortuary practices of Chalcolithic human populations described in present Portuguese territory, as well as, in the Iberian Peninsula.

During the past decade, many archaeological interventions in southern Portugal have revealed a different panorama funerary practices dating from the 4th to the 2nd millennium BC. Besides the architectural specificities, contexts revealing associations of animal and human remains are multiplying. So far the available data reveal a preference for the deposition of domestic animals, on one hand; and for the deposition of animal parts rather than complete animals, on the other. The majority of the archaeological contexts under study revealed a preference for the deposition of articulated paws, isolated limb bones or even articulated animal parts, where the limbs are always present. The traditional explanations for such occurrences of animals in tombs are that they are the product of rituals of commensality. According to the anatomical representations and other contextual characteristics (e.g. direct associations of some animal bones with specific human bones, taphonomic history of the faunal collections), another interpretation is proposed. This approach is strongly guided by a new framework based on the understanding of Human/Animal relationships, where a bone or an anatomical part can be representative of a specific animal.

The inclusion of faunal remains in funerary practices is widely documented in Iberian prehistory. For the late prehistory (Neolithic to Bronze Age), there is relatively more data than in earlier periods, with limb segments being very common, and complete animals are rarer. In Bronze Age contexts from South‐Western Iberia, a high percentage of human burials in subterranean chambers (hypogea) are associated with limb bones of cattle (Bos taurus) and sheep/goats (Ovis/Capra), along with other grave goods. Traditionally, this practice is interpreted as the result of rituals of commensality. In this paper, we present a different perspective. Besides commensality, we show that the inclusion of the same species and the same anatomical parts is a highly standardised behaviour. Beyond the tight connection between humans and animals, this pattern also points to a strong symbolism of these domestic species and to symbolic meaning of the anatomical parts themselves.

Experiments on fire manipulation of bones as fuel demonstrated that animal bones are effective in the act of maintaining lasting combustion. These experiments are almost always applied to the studies in hunter-gather societies in prehistory, even though the use of bones as fuel is also known in historical times. Based on data and models resulting from these recent experiments, both in laboratory and in real hearths, I tested the hypothesis of the use of animal bone as fuel in the third/second millennium BC walled enclosure of Castanheiro do Vento, in northern Portugal. The faunal assemblage shows some specific characteristics such as a very low percentage of identifiable material and close to 90% of charred bones with a very high index of fragmentation I link the faunal analysis with the results of some experiments recently published. These experiments show the particularities of bone fuel combustion, specifically used in certain activities. Nevertheless, the interpretation of these activities in Castanheiro do Vento is difficult to achieve because of the preliminary state of the investigations. As an additional problem, the available interpretations in the literature concern mostly hunter-gather, and models do not take into account the complex societies of the third/second millennium BC.

Objetivo: sintetizar o conhecimento relacionado às estratégias para redução de erros de medicação durante a hospitalização de pacientes adultos. Método: revisão integrativa da literatura realizada em outubro de 2020 por meio da busca de publicações nas bases de dados eletrônicas: Web of Science, Pubmed, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e Google Scholar. Resultados: amostra composta por 12 estudos, cujas estratégias para a redução de erros de medicação foram apresentadas de acordo com as categorias: envolvimento do farmacêutico clínico nas atividades clínicas, implantação de tecnologiasda informação, estratégias educacionais mediadas por simulação e jogos, e redução da carga de trabalho. Conclusão: associado às tecnologias, o envolvimento do farmacêutico clínico com a equipe médica e de enfermagem resultará em melhorias na redução dos eventos adversos a medicamentos e na qualidade da assistência prestada ao paciente