Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in the world and the leading cause of death among Brazilian women. The presence of phantom breast syndrome (PBS) is one of the possible postoperative complications and may reach prevalences of up to 53% among mastectomized women. This study assessed the scientific evidence regarding the presence of PBS and its psychological repercussions in women undergoing mastectomy. This is a systematic review of observational studies based on the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses methodology. The methodological quality of the studies and the level of scientific evidence were assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. A total of 95 articles were identified, but only 11 met the eligibility criteria. The outcomes of the presence of PBS and psychological repercussion were evaluated in 2,160 and 1,996 patients, respectively. It was found that the prevalence of PBS varies according to age, being on average 28% and reaching up to 50% in women under 80 years of age. This phenomenon can occur from three months to six years after amputation, tending to regress over time. Anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders are the most prevalent psychological effects (35.8%, 31.5%, and 29.2%, respectively). The studies presented strong scientific evidence of PBS and moderate evidence of psychological repercussions associated with this context.

Background: Sit to stand is one of the functional tasks that may have been altered in post stroke hemiparetic patients. This transfer may have been altered affected by various extrinsic conditions, among them the position of the feet. Objective: systematize the knowledge about the influence of foot placement in the performance of standing up in post stroke hemiparetic patients. Method: a non systematic review in the period of March to September 2014 was performed, including original articles published from January 2002 to September 2014. Results: 35 articles were found, 8 met the inclusion criteria and were included, 6 of them of observational feature, 1 controlled biomechanical experiment and 1 randomized clinical trial. Conclusion: the findings suggest that the choice of foot position interferes in the standing up performance. This aspect should be considered for the evaluation and treatment, allowing the control of variables that interferes on the performance of this task.