Resumo O presente estudo valoriza o projeto pedagógico como quadro de ação para os indivíduos na organização escolar. É, justamente, a essa luz que se analisa a forma como o espaço escolar é interpretado pelos utilizadores (nomeadamente, docentes), em um contexto muito específico: a Escola da Ponte (Portugal). Em um quadro de insucesso generalizado da experiência das escolas de área aberta em Portugal, aquilo que se procura demonstrar é que, no caso da Escola da Ponte, o êxito da experiência assentou no caráter inovador do projeto pedagógico (pondo em causa o DNA da organização pedagógica das escolas – a classe). A nossa interpretação, baseada no conceito de espaço como construção social, sustenta que foi, sobretudo, a consistência do projeto pedagógico e a interação entre atores e objetos da ação que determinaram a forma como o espaço foi sendo organizado; muito mais do que se tratar de um processo de indução resultante de o edifício ser de área aberta. A recolha empírica constituiu a base para conhecer o modo de apropriação do espaço pelo projeto pedagógico. Nessa ordem de ideias, foi enviado (por correio eletrônico) um inquérito através de um questionário a docentes que lecionaram na referida escola entre meados da década de 1970 e o ano de 2012. O arco cronológico tem a seguinte justificação: tratou-se do lapso de tempo que decorreu entre o início do projeto pedagógico e a transferência de instalações para um novo edifício.
Despite the difficulties of integrating every student, every teacher and every school in the digital revolution of the 21st century, there are new tendencies in education using digital technology that are trying to change the everyday life in schools. The Flipped Classroom is one of them. This is a blended learning model that reverses the traditional teaching learning model, putting the student in focus, using digital technology (or not) to learn the contents for homework, usually in small videos, and spend the class time in the application of resources, usually in motivating activities. Following this path, this paper is the result of a case study that we performed in the school year of 2015/2016, with about 80 students, with average ages of 13, in the classroom of History. To complete this experience, we planned an inverted History class, pursuing the main ideas of this methodology, using apps installed in the students' personal mobile phones and asking students to develop some activities during the class and after the end of class time. The outcome of this case study aims to be a contribution to the idea that Flipped Classroom can be an innovative strategy that reinforces the dialogues between Historical Education and the use of ICT, as well as an original and well-succeeded methodology in History teaching.
Quando se fala de identidade, de consciência europeia, de tolerância, de intervenção cívica, de solidariedade,... a História é requisitada para desempenhar um papel e uma função marcadamente sociais. Por outro lado, quando se questionam os jovens europeus sobre o significado da História, vislumbram-se nas suas respostas a “valorização da História como fonte de aprendizagem” e o respeito pela monumentalidade do passado. O projeto que aqui apresentamos, “Enseigner les passés douloureux en Europe”, tem o objetivo claro de evitar o esquecimento, trazer a densidade histórica que garanta o correto conhecimento do passado, dotar os alunos de competências críticas para assumirem as responsabilidades dos “deveres da memória”. O foco desta pesquisa é tentar perceber como os jovens refletem a questão da reparação histórica como, por exemplo, pensar sobre a justificação, viabilidade, motivos e efeitos de reparação de injustiças históricas. Estas reflexões são uma importante janela para a consciência histórica dos jovens: ao observarmos como refletem sobre a questão da reparação histórica, podemos ver como concebem os limites da responsabilidade individual e coletiva e a responsabilidade moral do Estado e dos seus cidadãos.
The tendency to participate with solidarity in the religious and assistance initiatives is a trademark of the Portuguese who returned from Brazil. The major novelty in the second half of the nineteenth century is the conduction of large sums of money towards education, in a framework of philanthropy that was unusual. This inclusion of education in the field of charity was in the concerns of politicians and intellectuals of the time who argued that -only by educating people, nations can achieve its independence, wealth and freedom (…)‖. Inserted in this context we can find examples that deserve, by their paradigmatic profile, a more detailed attention. After making fortune, Oliveira Lopes and his brother tried to solve problems that seemed without solution in their homeland. This example assumes a synthetizing nature for several reasons. Firstly, because it portraits the typical Brazilian of the end of the nineteenth century that saw education as a fundamental tool to approach Portugal to the international standards. Secondly, because with the well-being of his fellow countrymen and the -notoriety of his hometown‖ he can diminish the pain of the -abandonment in search of wealth‖. Thirdly, because his return introduced a new sense and a new rhythm in searching solutions for eternal problems in the field of religion, assistance or education. Finally because, even though they are the minority of Brazilians that achieved fortune, they put their wealth in the service of the country that made them leave in order to try to stop the flux of emigrants.Keywords: school museum, history of education, material culture From Colony to Independent StateBrazil was fertile ground for the most far-fetched imageries of 19 th -century and early 20 th -century Portugal and, at the same time, the most present reference in various spheres of national life in that period. Those indelible marks are owed not only to what the Brazilian space continued to represent for several aspects of Portuguese life, but essentially due to the creation of the character that left its mark on Portuguese social life-the Brazilian, that is, the Portuguese emigrant returning from Brazil. The first marks of our modern times are inseparable from the Brazilian colonial reality, which at times (1807-1821) and given the presence of the king, takes on the role of metropolis. This unexpected prominence will drive Brazil towards a new identity which will allow it to break away from the colonial chains (1822), despite the Velhos do Restelo [the prophets of doom], in the form of constitutionalists, who took too long to realise the inevitability of the separation:The Portuguese nation represents the union of all Portuguese of both hemispheres. Its territory forms the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve (...).
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