Dialysis patients and kidney transplant (KTX) recipients suffer from an impaired immune system and show a decreased response to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination. We performed a retrospective analysis of 1505 serological SARS-CoV-2 measurements obtained from 887 dialysis patients and 86 KTX recipients. The results were separated by patient subgroups (dialysis/KTX) as well as SARS-CoV-2 status. The latter criterion included SARS-CoV-2-naïve patients with or without COVID-19 vaccination and convalescent patients receiving a booster shot. Serologies of 27 vaccinated healthy individuals served as the reference group. Vaccine-induced cellular immune response was quantified by an interferon-γ release assay in 32 KTX recipients. We determined seroconversion rates of 92.6%, 93.4%, and 71.4% in dialysis patients vaccinated with either BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, or AZD1222, respectively. Vaccination-induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers were lower in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals, and vaccination with mRNA-1273 induced higher titers than BNT162b2. The initial seroconversion rate was 39.5% in KTX recipients vaccinated with BNT162b2. A linear regression model identified medication with mycophenolate-mofetil/mycophenolic acid as an independent risk factor for missing seroconversion. Within a cohort of 32 KTX recipients, cellular and humoral immune reactivity to SARS-CoV-2 was detectable in three patients only. Conclusively, vaccine-induced seroconversion rates were similar in dialysis patients compared to healthy individuals but were strongly impaired in KTX recipients. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers elicited by double active immunization were significantly lower in both cohorts compared to healthy individuals, and immune responses to vaccination vanished quickly.
Trois méthodes classiques de spéciation séquentielle du phosphore ont été appliquées aux sédiments de la rivière Sûre, à une sélection de ses affluents de taille variable, ainsi qu'aux sédiments du prébarrage Misère, un petit réservoir eutrophe situé sur la Sûre. Les protocoles comparés sont ceux de HIELTJES et LIJKLEMA (H et L), de PALUDAN et JENSEN (P et J) et de GOLTERMAN et BOOMAN (G et B).Le phosphore total des sédiments étudiés s'élève à 0,6 mg·P·g-1 séd. sec pour les petits sous-bassins expérimentaux (de l'ordre de 1 km2), à 0,8-1,0 mg·P·g-1 séd. sec pour les bassins de taille moyenne (20 à 320 km2) et à 1,8 mg·P·g-1 séd. sec pour le prébarrage Misère. Les schémas de (H et L) et de (P et J) reproduisent de façon similaire les différences qualitatives existant entre les sédiments. Toutefois les parts relatives des différentes fractions varient selon le protocole utilisé. Les rendements d'extraction obtenus avec le schéma de (G et B) sont sensiblement supérieurs aux deux autres méthodes et sont très liés aux teneurs en phosphore total des mêmes échantillons.Pour le P-labile, une bonne corrélation est obtenue entre les concentrations extraites selon les protocoles de (H et L) et (P et J) (R2 =0,84, P < 0,001) ; cependant les valeurs absolues sont 40 % supérieures pour le premier (H et L) qui utilise NH4Cl comme extractant au lieu de H2O. La fraction P- (Fe+Al) de (H et L) et la somme des fractions P-Fe et P-Al de (P et J) sont également bien corrélées (R2 =0,90, P < 0,001), mais avec des valeurs 30 % supérieures pour le second protocole (P et J) qui réalise l'extraction en deux étapes. La fraction P-Fe de (G et B) est moins bien corrélée à la fraction P-Fe de (P et J) (R2 =0,74, P < 0,01), et les résultats obtenus selon ces deux protocoles sont très éloignés en valeur absolue. Quant à la fraction P-Ca, les résultats du protocole de (G et B) ne sont ni corrélés ni similaires à ceux des deux autres schémas, en raison de la nature complètement différente des extractants appliqués.The Haute-Sûre river, with a rural watershed of 428 km2 is the principal entry of the Esch-sur-Sûre reservoir, which is mainly used for drinking-water supply. The role of particulate phosphorus (suspended matter and sediments) is important to maintain the trophic level of lakes, and in particular of reservoirs, often receiving higher external nutrient loads than natural lakes. Indeed, phosphorus flux in the Haute-Sûre basin occurs mainly in particulate form, closely linked to the hydrological and morphological conditions of its drainage basin. Several authors have shown that the fractionation of sedimentary phosphorus is strongly correlated with its bioavailability.This study was carried out in the framework of a larger project concerning the characterisation of the phosphorus from the sediments of the Sûre river watershed. The choice among the fractionation procedures described in literature and the comparison of the different results remains often difficult because of the different nature of the proposed extracting solutions, but also...
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