There is a wide diversity of mosquito species in the sampled areas, some of which are important for human health.
Background: American cutaneous leishmaniasis is a commonly neglected, vector-borne tropical parasitic disease that is a major public health concern in Brazil. Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis is the main species associated with the disease. Accurate diagnosis is based on epidemiological surveillance, clinical assessment, and laboratory testing. Leishmania (V.) braziliensis has been detected in several wild and synanthropic mammals. Their epidemiological role has not been entirely elucidated. This study aimed to assess potential L. braziliensis infections in asymptomatic domestic animals, by molecular and serological testing in endemic areas, in the metropolitan region of Recife.Methods: Blood samples and conjunctival fluids were collected from 232 animals (canids, felids, equines, and caprines) for the detection of L. braziliensis using molecular tests (conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction [PCR and qPCR]). For immunological detection, blood samples from 115 dogs were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: Real-time quantitative PCR showed positive results for blood and conjunctival samples in all investigated species. The results of the blood and conjunctival samples were 68.2% and 26.9% in Canis familiaris, 100% and 41.7% in Felis catus, 77.3% and 30.8% in Equus caballus/Equus asinus, and 50% and 33.3% in Capra hircus samples, respectively. Conclusions:Results from this study adds valuable information to our understanding of the role of asymptomatic domestic animals, L. braziliensis life cycle, and American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil.
This study was conducted to characterize the transmission cycle of the tegumentary leishmaniasis (TL) in an old colonization area at Pernambuco State, Brazil. The aims were to identify autochthonous cases, sandflies fauna, domestic animals as possible reservoir hosts and the Leishmania species involved in this endemic area. A total of 168 suspected human cases of TL and 272 domestic animals (canine, feline, equine, goat, and sheep) were included. The sandflies were captured and identified by species. Patients were predominantly male and the average age was 37+18.1 years old. Of 85 patients who had skin lesions, 25.6% of them had direct positive smears for TL and 34 isolates were identified as Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis. The confirmation for TL diagnosed by molecular detection (PCR) was almost three times more sensitive than the direct test [p < 0.001; PR = 2.72] associated with clinical examination. The Kappa test on PCR between two different specimens, biopsy, and skin lesion swab was 60.8% (p < 0.001). More than 200 specimens of sandflies (80 males and 159 females) were captured and identified as Lutzomyia whitmani (99.6%) and Lu. evandroi (0.4%). The detection of L. (V.) braziliensis by Real-Time PCR in the blood of a captured fed female was positive in 59.3% of Lu. whitmani. Of the 272 domestic animals included, 61.76% were male (n = 168). Thirty-six animals (13.2%) had lesions compatible with TL (34 dogs, 1 cat and 1 sheep) and 3 of them, all dogs, had lesions on the snout, showing destruction of cartilage and mucosa. The study suggests the participation of domestic animals as possible reservoirs. However, further studies are necessary to better understand the transmission cycle and take recommended measures in order to control the disease.
Introdução: A Leishmaniose Tegumentar (LT) é uma doença negligenciada de relevância para saúde pública, responsável por acometer a pele com lesões e de amplo espectro clínico(1). Essa antropozoonose é causada pelo protozoário do gênero Leishmania e da família Trypanosomatidae a partir da hematofagia do flebótomo fêmea infectado com o parasito. O diagnóstico é realizado mediante ao inquérito epidemiológico, das manifestações clínicas e dos métodos laboratoriais(1). No entanto, no diagnóstico clínico, as lesões podem se assemelhar facilmente com dermatoses fúngicas, bacterianas e virais como Esporotricose, Paracoccidioidomicose, Erisipela, Sífilis e Herpes Zoster(2). Sendo necessário o diagnóstico laboratorial para identificação do seu agente etiológico ou antígenos por metodologias sensíveis e especificas afim de obter-se um diagnóstico e tratamento assertivo para o paciente. Objetivo: O estudo tem como objetivo destacar a importância do diagnóstico diferencial da LT frente a progressão e tratamento da doença. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca no portal científico PubMed utilizando os descritores, Leishmaniasis; Differential diagnosis; Humans com os filtros sem restrição linguística para os últimos 5 anos (2016-2021) em modelos humanos. O retorno obtido foi de 130 artigos, dos quais 23 foram selecionados para revisão bibliográfica. Resultados: A depender da espécie envolvida na infecção e da resposta imune do hospedeiro as manifestações clínicas podem ser diversas, devido a esse fator os resultados mostram que a LT pode mimetizar outras dermatoses com suas manifestações de lesões ulcerativas, indolores, secas e duradouras(3). Além disso, utilização de teste sorológicos para o diagnóstico é outro elemento implicativo no diagnóstico laboratorial, pois sua sensibilidade é variável e reações cruzadas são recorrentes com os agentes etiológicos da Doença de Chagas, Esporotricose e Paracoccidiodomicose(1). Em consequência, pode-se ocorrer falsos-negativos levando o paciente com LT a fazer um tratamento incorreto, resultando na progressão da doença e surgimento de morbidades(4). Conclusões: A LT é prevalente no Brasil e sua incidência tem aumentado devido a urbanização e desmatamento. Nas áreas endêmicas a aplicação do diagnóstico diferencial nas dermatoses por inquérito epidemiológico e técnicas laboratoriais sensíveis e especificas como PCR ou qPCR é de extrema relevância para um laudo assertivo da LT para que o paciente tenha um tratamento direcionado e o não agravamento da doença.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.