Comacchio today is a small town in the province of Ferrara, on the south side of the present estuary of the river Po (fig. 1). It is an early medieval settlement, well-known because of the presence in this territory of a several Etruscan cemeteries. These cemeteries (particularly those at Valle Trebba and the Valle Pega) were mainly explored during the major drainage works, which, early in the last century, made it possible to reclaim large parts of ground from the marshes of the lagoon. These cemeteries provide the best material evidence in this territory of an important emporium which existed between the 6 th and 3 rd centuries BC, also documented by ancient sources 1. Even if mentions of post-Roman contexts including objects of special interest 2 were frequent, the very first excavations which investigated medieval contexts were not undertaken until the 1960s at the site of the origins of Motta della Girata (fig. 2). SAURO GELICHI, DIEGO CALAON, ELENA GRANDI, CLAUDIO NEGRELLI The history of a forgotten town: Comacchio and its archaeology 1 The bibliography concerning early Comacchio is great, but this is not the right occasion to reconsider it; for the excavations see: N. Alfieri, «La ricerca e la scoperta di Spina», in Spina. Storia di una città tra Greci ed Etruschi, eds. F. Berti, P. Guzzo, Ferrara, 1993, p. 3-19. This exhibition catalogue contains updated and useful information about the cemetery, the settlement and its history. 2 We are referring to the discoveries, some of which are dated to the early medieval period, carried out during the drainage works of Valle Ponti (west of the modern Comacchio town), where numerous stone fragments of liturgical furniture came to light that are now dispersed in different private collections, see: P.
Una nuova stagione di ricerche nell’Adriatico settentrionale ci consente di formulare nuove interpretazioni sulla circolazione delle merci durante i secoli VII, VIII e IX. In particolare si analizzano due contesti ambientali particolarmente significativi : la Laguna di Venezia ed il Delta del Po. Le anfore globulari qui presenti sembrano alludere ad un asse di collegamento con l’Adriatico meridionale e soprattutto con l’Egeo, mentre l’analisi contestuale dei depositi archeologici di ritrovamento mostra l’esistenza di strutture portuali e produttive (come a Comacchio e a Venezia) che restituiscono un orizzonte di veri e propria emporia in grado di generare nuovi processi di formazione urbana. Si tratta di una rete di punti nodali che mettono in comunicazione il Regnum e l’Italia Padana con il Mediterraneo, entro quadri economici tutt’altro che recessivi. In seguito, durante il IX secolo, Venezia prevarrà e risulterà l’unico interlocutore nei confronti dei Carolingi, facendosi sempre più importante la sua funzione europea come fornitore dei mercati d’oltralpe.
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