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The authors consider only two great transformations in the history of human mankind to be comparable to the Great Transformation towards a global low-carbon economy faced now: the Neolithic Revolution and the Industrial Revolution. This paper discusses different social, economic, and cultural theories which might help to understand this far reaching socio-economic transformation and focus on specific arenas of change in which low-carbon dynamics occur. The authors argue that the technological, economic, and social main elements which will permit the transformation to be made to climate compatibility are already emerging. On the other hand the speed and geographical spread of the low-carbon dynamics are still not sufficient to avoid dangerous climate change.

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The dynamics of anthropogenic climate change is not merely a question of natural processes, but first and foremost, a question of economy, society, and culture. The humanities are therefore crucial to analyzing issues like migration, new risks because of extreme weather events, violent conflict, and the impact of global warming on political stability.

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