Patients with diabetes mellitus often show symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing impairment. In general, hearing loss is sensorineural, which is sometimes confused with presbycusis, mainly because it develops in patients older than 40 years of age. Angiopathy and neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus have been considered important factors for the vestibular-cochlear disorders found in these patients. However, there is controversy regarding the etiopathogenesis of hearing loss, as some researchers support that it develops due to neuropathy, others say it is due to angiopathy, or even a combination of both. Yet, some researchers believe diabetes mellitus and hearing loss are part of a genetic syndrome. We have conducted an extensive bibliographic review to determine whether there is cause-effect relationship between diabetes mellitus and hearing loss. We were able to verify that, despite the large number of studies performed, there is still a great deal of controversy, and new approaches are being studied, for example in the field of genetics, which shows that new paths can be followed to reach a conclusion on this issue.
Pat ients with diabetes mellitus often show symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing impairment. In general, hearing loss is sensorineural, which is sometimes confused with presbycusis, mainly because it develops in patients older than 40 years of age. Angiopathy and neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus have been considered important factors for the vestibular-cochlear disorders found in these patients. However, there is controversy regarding the etiopathogenesis of hearing loss, as some researchers support that it develops due to neuropathy, others say it is due to angiopathy, or even a combination of both. Yet, some researchers believe diabetes mellitus and hearing loss are part of a genetic syndrome. We have conducted an extensive bibliographic review to determine whether there is cause-effect relationship between diabetes mellitus and hearing loss. We were able to verify that, despite the large number of studies performed, there is still a great deal of controversy, and new approaches are being studied, for example in the field of genetics, which shows that new paths can be followed to reach a conclusion on this issue.
Abstract-This paper deals with feedback controller synthesis for timed event graphs in max-plus linear systems. In particular, will be analyzed two methods to calculate a controller that controls the flow of material in a production system. The principal aim is minimize inventory system meeting the demand specifications, so that the controller has the "best" possible control. The best possible control is the one that slows the maximum the firing of input events into the system, delaying the maximum input materials in the process. The synthesis presented here is mainly based on residuation theory results.Keywords-Discrete Events Systems, Control Systems, Max-plus Algebra.Resumo-Este artigo trata da análise e síntese de controladores de realimentação para grafos de eventos temporizados em sistemas lineares max-plus. Em particular, serão analisados dois métodos para calcular os parâmetros de um controlador que controla o fluxo de material de entrada em um sistema de produção. O principal objetivoé otimizar o fluxo de entrada de material, satisfazendo as especificações de demanda, de modo que o controlador tenha o "melhor controle possível". O melhor controle possívelé o que retarda ao máximo o disparo de eventos de entrada no sistema, atrasando ao máximo a entrada de materiais no processo. A síntese aqui apresentadaé com base nos resultados da teoria residuação.Palavras-chave-Sistemas a Eventos Discretos, Controle de Sistemas,Álgebra Max-plus. IntroduçãoEm um sistema de manufatura, como em qualquer outro tipo de sistema, existem muitas atividades e operações que podem ser controladas e automatizadas. Para cada tipo de controle proposto existe uma técnica específica para ser aplicada. Casos particulares de soluções são propostos para resolver a maioria dos problemas em um sistema industrial.Os principais objetivos relacionados com a automatização da produção estão relacionados com a redução do tempo de produção, eliminação dos problemas durante o processo e redução das perdas. Empregar o melhor método para cada tipo de problemaé essencial para atingir o resultado final desejado.Existem muitas técnicas para modelagem de Sistemas a Eventos Discretos (SED). Uma maneira formal de descrever um SEDé através dos grafos de eventos temporizados (GET's), dentre esses sistemas encontram-se os sistemas de manufatura. Os GET's são uma subclasse de Redes de Petri. Em um GET, o mecanismo de temporizacão está relacionado com o tempo de permanên-cia das fichas nos lugares da rede. Nele, todos os lugares possuem umúnico arco de entrada e umúnico arco de saída (Murata, 1989), (Baccelli et al., 1992). O comportamento dinâmico do GET pode ser descrito por meio de equações de datadores, e essas equações pedem ser operacionalizadas de acordo com aálgebra max-plus. As equações são obtidas de forma recursiva.Os problemas de controle para GET's são usualmente propostos utilizando-se a política de gestão Just-in-Time, a qual objetiva minimizar os estoques do sistema atendendo as especificacões de demanda. De um modo geral, as propostas de con...
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