Diabetes Mellitus como causa de perda auditiva

Abstract

Pat ients with diabetes mellitus often show symptoms such as dizziness, tinnitus, and hearing impairment. In general, hearing loss is sensorineural, which is sometimes confused with presbycusis, mainly because it develops in patients older than 40 years of age. Angiopathy and neuropathy caused by diabetes mellitus have been considered important factors for the vestibular-cochlear disorders found in these patients. However, there is controversy regarding the etiopathogenesis of hearing loss, as some researchers support that it develops due to neuropathy, others say it is due to angiopathy, or even a combination of both. Yet, some researchers believe diabetes mellitus and hearing loss are part of a genetic syndrome. We have conducted an extensive bibliographic review to determine whether there is cause-effect relationship between diabetes mellitus and hearing loss. We were able to verify that, despite the large number of studies performed, there is still a great deal of controversy, and new approaches are being studied, for example in the field of genetics, which shows that new paths can be followed to reach a conclusion on this issue.

Untitled

“…But when neuropathy affects important sensory structures, it may cause auditory disturbances at the level of the peripheral or central pathways. 7 Furthermore, damage may occur during treatment, such a conditions of chronic or intermittent hyperglycemia that are frequently related to the pathogenesis of the endothelial lesions in diabetes. 8 Therefore, both metabolic alterations have the potential to injure the auditory structures, causing negative impacts on the affected person's life.…”

Possíveis implicações audiológicas do diabetes melito: uma revisão de literatura

“…The cause of neuropathy is still there are those who understand that diabetes mellitus and hearing loss could be an integral part of a genetic syndrome and not dependent upon each other 21 . Angiopathy and neuropathy are diabetes complications, well recognized, but not fully understood, and are considered important factors responsible for vestibulocochlear manifestations 21 .…”

“…The cause of neuropathy is still there are those who understand that diabetes mellitus and hearing loss could be an integral part of a genetic syndrome and not dependent upon each other 21 . Angiopathy and neuropathy are diabetes complications, well recognized, but not fully understood, and are considered important factors responsible for vestibulocochlear manifestations 21 . It is believed that metabolic factors, vascular abnormalities and other mechanisms besides the peripheral nerves' vulnerability, could affect the inner ear and/or the eighth nerve and cause decreased hearing 8 .…”

“…Some researchers support that it occurs due to neuropathy; others attribute the disease to angiopathy; and another group claim it's a combination of the two 21,22 . But 32,33 since diabetes mellitus is known can cause microvascular damage, as well as other microcirculation disorders involving sudden increase of blood viscosity and thromboembolic episodes 32 .…”

“…In a study by Maia and Campos, there is no consensus regarding audiological and histopathological aspects of type I diabetes mellitus 21 . In this study, there were three cases (10.0%) of sensorineural hearing loss, in which one case (3.3 %) was of flat bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss kind and two cases (6.6%) were of descending bilateral moderate sensorineural hearing loss.…”