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Protein prenylation is a posttranslational modification involving the attachment of a C15 or C20 isoprenoid group to a cysteine residue near the C-terminus of the target substrate by protein farnesyltransferase (FTase) or protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I (GGTase-I), respectively. Both of these protein prenyltransferases recognize a C-terminal "CaaX" sequence in their protein substrates, but recent studies in yeast-and mammalian-based systems have demonstrated FTase

Introduction The multiple mini interview (MMI) has been incorporated into the holistic review process in the selection of students to US medical schools. The MMI has been used to evaluate interpersonal and intrapersonal attributes which are deemed as necessary for future physicians. We hypothesized that there would be little difference in overall MMI evaluation data compared with traditional interview ratings. Methods The University of North Carolina School of Medicine developed an interview process that included a traditional interview and MMI format during the 2019 admissions cycle. Evaluation data along with key demographic variables for 608 MD program applicants were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Results The MMI format slightly favored female over male applicants (p = 0.002) but did not select for or against applicants based on age, race/ethnicity, un-T. Langer and C. Ruiz should be regarded as joint first authors

Obstruction involving the iliac veins and/or inferior vena cava is highly comorbid in patients with chronic venous leg ulcers and is a barrier to healing. Intervention with venous stenting is recommended to promote wound healing; however, there is limited data to quantify the effects of venous outflow restoration on wound healing. We retrospectively identified patients with venous ulcers and comorbid venous outflow obstruction. Data regarding demographics, wound size, degree of obstruction, interventions, wound healing and recurrence were collected. Intervention was performed when possible and patients were grouped based on whether or not the venous outflow was reopened successfully and maintained for at least 1 year. Outcomes, including time to wound healing, wound recurrence, stent patency and ulcer‐free time, were measured. Patients who maintained a patent venous outflow tract experienced higher rates of wound healing (79.3%) compared to those with persistent outflow obstruction (22.6%) at 12 months (p < 0.001). Ulcer‐free time for the first year was also greater with patent venous outflow (7.6 ± 4.4 months versus 1.8 ± 3.0 months, p < 0.0025). Patients with severe obstruction of the venous outflow tract experience poor healing of VLUs despite appropriate wound care. Healing time is improved and ulcer‐free time increased after venous intervention with stenting to eliminate obstruction.

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