The encouraging results obtained from this study performed on a limited number of subjects justify further analysis of the efficacy of the PD-E7/AS02B vaccine in CIN patients.

No abstract

Background In April 2012 our institution chose to switch from a two- step criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) screening, to the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADSPG) criteria. This shift led to an increased prevalence of GDM in our pregnant population. We designed a study in order to estimate the magnitude of the increase in GDM prevalence before and after the switch in screening strategy. As a secondary objective we wanted to evaluate if there was a significant difference between the two periods in the percentage of maternal and neonatal complications such as gestational hypertensive disorders (GHD), primary cesarean section (pCS), preterm birth, large for gestational age (LGA) newborns, macrosomia, shoulder dystocia, 5′ Apgar score less than to 7 at birth, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) transfer and neonatal hypoglycemia. Methods We selected retrospectively 3496 patients who delivered between January 2009 and December 2011 who were screened with the two-step criteria (group A), and compared them to 2555 patients who delivered between January 2013 and December 2014 and who were screened with IADPSG criteria (Group B). We checked patients’ electronic files to establish GDM status, baseline characteristics (age, body mass index, nationality, parity) and the presence of maternal and neonatal complications. Results GDM prevalence increased significantly from group A (3.4%; 95%CI 2.8–4.06%) to group B (16.28%; 95%CI 14.8 -17.7%). In group B there were significantly more non-Belgian and primiparous patients. There was no statistically significant difference in maternal and neonatal complications between the two groups, even after adjustment for nationality and parity. There was a non-significant reduction of the proportion of macrosomic and of LGA babies. Conclusions In our population the introduction of IADPSG screening criteria has increased the prevalence of GDM without having a statistically significant impact on pregnancy outcomes.

After in-vitro fertilization, 2161 supernumerary embryos were frozen with 1,2-propanediol and sucrose as cryoprotectants at either pronucleate or multicellular (2-6 blastomeres) stages. By the end of March 1990, 494 pronucleate stage embryos and 492 multicellular stage embryos had been thawed and 54 and 47% of them, respectively were considered suitable for transfer. Ongoing pregnancy and implantation rates were 17.9 and 10.7%, respectively for embryos frozen at the pronucleate stage and 5.5 and 4.7% for embryos frozen at the multicellular stage. Ovarian stimulation with human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) after pharmacological hypophysectomy with a gonadotrophin releasing hormone agonistic analogue (GnRHa) using a long protocol permitted us to freeze significantly more embryos per cycle (7.2 +/- 4.1) than stimulation with HMG and GnRHa in a short protocol (4.7 +/- 3.4) or stimulation with clomiphene citrate (CC) and HMG (2.7 +/- 1.9). Ongoing pregnancy rates after transfer during the stimulated cycles were similar for the three types of treatment (27.1, 27.3 and 32.1%, respectively). However, ongoing pregnancy rates after frozen-thawed embryo transfers were significantly higher when originating from GnRHa + HMG treatments (14.3 and 14.8%, respectively for long and short protocols) than when originating from CC + HMG treatment (5.6%). Embryo cryopreservation has permitted the ongoing pregnancy rate to increase from 28.4 to 36.9% (P less than 0.01) even though more than half of the embryos have not been thawed. We conclude that embryos obtained after stimulation with GnRHa + HMG and frozen at the pronucleate stage are more likely to result in a pregnancy.