Topic: This scoping review investigated research regarding the magnitude of minor sex trafficking (domestic minor sex trafficking and/or commercial sexual exploitation of children) in the United States, summarizing estimates, methodologies, and strengths and weaknesses of the studies. Method: Using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, peer-reviewed articles and the gray literature were accessed via databases searches, reference harvesting, and expert advice. Articles were included if they provided a count or prevalence proportion estimate of trafficked or at-risk minors across or within a region of the United States. Six empirical studies, published from 1999 to 2017, were included in the review. Results: Included studies produced count estimates ( n = 3) or prevalence proportion estimates ( n = 3) for youth at risk of minor sex trafficking ( n = 2) or reporting victimization ( n = 5). Studies examined sex trafficking risk and victimization in different geographical areas, including across the United States ( n = 2), in New York City ( n = 1), and in Ohio ( n = 1). Further, several studies focused on particular populations, such as street and shelter youths ( n = 1) and adjudicated males ( n = 1). Sampling methodologies of reviewed estimates included traditional random sampling ( n = 1), nationally representative sampling ( n = 2), convenience sampling ( n = 1), respondent-driven sampling ( n = 1), purposive sampling ( n = 1), and use of census data ( n = 2). Conclusion: Little research has estimated the prevalence of minor sex trafficking in the United States. The existing studies examine different areas and populations and use different categories to estimate the problem. The estimates reviewed here should be cited cautiously. Future research is needed on this important topic, including methodologies to produce more representative estimates of this hard-to-reach population.

Background In their work to end the tuberculosis (TB) epidemic in lower- and middle-income countries, national TB programs need a tool to measure, monitor, and strengthen relevant capabilities to create a continuous transformation of data into action (D2A) to improve TB program results. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence to determine specific measurement dimensions of a D2A continuum that enables TB programs to identify the barriers and enablers of D2A and to guide the selection of interventions appropriate for the context and decision-making capabilities of various TB program actors. Methods A systematic review of peer-reviewed and grey literature was conducted per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 48 peer-reviewed publications were selected for data extraction and analysis. Results The findings show that selected publications discussed the health system level, stakeholders involved in decision making, decision type, data system, data sources, data use enablers and barriers, decision-making framework and steps, decision outcome/impact, and how that outcome was measured. The findings highlight barriers and enablers to data use and explain the relationship among data sources, decision type, and stakeholders. Seventeen D2A measurement dimensions were identified. Conclusions Transforming data to action is a continuous process that recognizes that data use indicators vary by type of decisions, decision makers, and the health system level at which decisions are made. As a logical next step, the project team plans to develop and validate a D2A continuum toolkit that will include a measurement scale, implementation guide, and data collection and analysis Microsoft Excel workbook.