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Introduction. Quilts are cultural objects telling the stories of our history and are embedded with meanings from significant cultural, political, and artistic movements (Ball, 2002;Brown, 1996;Cox, 2008;Stalp, 2007). What began in the American Colonies as wholecloth quilts and thrifty patchwork designs have evolved to elaborate block designs, art quilts, and modern geometric designs (Cox, 2008;Kiracofe & Johnson, 1993). Innovations such as new fabric techniques, kit quilts, sewing machines, and technology play a critical role in pushing quiltmaking in new directions. As quiltmaking evolves, the impacts of 21st-century innovations on contemporary quilters require more research. This study develops an understanding of how the innovation of pre-cut fabrics impacts the creative processes and quilt designs of quilters under the age of 45. This research advances the understanding of shifts in the quiltmaking experience and influences on the direction and investments in the quilting industryThe multi-billion-dollar quiltmaking industry is flourishing with millions of participants (Evert, 2017). Survey data from the Quilting in America™ 2017 study highlights the need to understand the effects of innovations in quiltmaking for the industry to continue attracting quilters (Evert, 2017). Pre-cut fabrics are a key innovation identified by the survey as growing in popularity (The Quilting Company & Quilts Inc., 2017). In addition, the survey identifies the Under 45 (U45) Quilter as a small yet increasing segment of quilters (Evert, 2017). These quilters represent the future of quiltmaking (Cavanaugh, 2018;Fields, 2017). Much of the research on quiltmaking innovations has focused on the social and economic impact of quilting (Cerny et al., 1993;Johnson & Hawley, 2004;Stalp, 2007), finished quilts and historical aspects of quiltmaking (Stalp, 2007), or female midlife quilters (Stalp, 2007). Little research has been done on innovations' impact on quilters' actual experiences and creative processes (Stalp, 2007). This study focuses on the effects of the specific innovation of pre-cut fabrics on the growing segment of U45 Quilters.Pre-cut fabrics are coordinating fabric bundles, such as Layer Cakes®, Jelly Rolls®, and fat quarters, cut to a specific size and packaged by a manufacturer or quilt shop (Evert, 2018). Pre-cut fabric bundles typically contain one of every print in a fabric collection, often with duplicates of focal prints. These pre-coordinating fabric bundles provide quilters with quick and easy solutions when selecting fabrics for a quilt design. They eliminate the need to choose each fabric individually and reduce the amount of cutting required.The U45 Quilter is generally a beginner or intermediate quilter who has less time than older, experienced quilters to dedicate to quiltmaking due to family and career commitments (Evert, 2017;Fields, 2017). The generations represented by the U45 Quilter are highly influenced by digital platforms and expect convenience and instant gratification (Cautero, 2019;Lantos, 2014). Und...

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The purpose of this research was to explore new methods of 3D scanning, body postures, and landmarking techniques to complete in-depth analyses of skin deformation, measurement change, and shape change of the waist-hip-thigh region of the body. There is a need to develop and test new integrated measurement analyses using 1D, 2D, and 3D data to quantify how and where the body is changing in different postures. An integrated approach was taken to select the appropriate 3D scanning technology, develop a landmarking method, and position the body to analyze the waist-hip-thigh region. A convenience sample of 11 women participated in the pilot study, ranging in age from 41-73. Using a quadrant landmarking technique, the body was divided into sections to locally analyze 1D and 2D measurements, while conducting volume and curve analysis to aid our understanding of shape change. Local percent change of each circumference was significant, and the data across the various measurements captured the expansion and shrinking of the body. Additionally, the 1D, 2D, and 3D analysis of the models shows the body deforming differently based on participant size, indicating this type of data could be critical for improved size system creation. The results from the extraction of curves represents exciting frontiers in 3D shape research and in the future will enable shape to be more easily incorporated into wearable garments. This data can improve the development of materials, trims, pattern design, and sizing systems. New 3D scanning methods to quantify diverse bodies can improve a company's competitive advantage through enhanced product fit and inclusive, quality design for all.