The accurate, reproducible, and timely reporting of nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) is an important function of the clinical hematology laboratory. We used 960 samples from 5 worldwide sites to evaluate a new NRBC enumeration method for the ADVIA 2120 Hematology System. The method showed excellent correlation with microscopy (r = 0.93). Sensitivity and specificity for the presence of NRBC for all samples analyzed was 77.3% and 74.6%, respectively. Almost all false negative samples were at NRBC counts 10/100 WBC. The NRBC method automatically corrects WBC counts and differential results for the presence of NRBC; the uncorrected counts are available to the user on the run screen. This method allows the enumeration of NRBC with the ADVIA 2120 Hematology System in CBC/DIFF sample mode without need for additional hardware, sample preparation, or reagents.

A range of complex hydraulic and geomorphic processes shape terrestrial landscapes. It remains unclear how these processes act to generate observed drainage networks across scales of interest. To address this issue, we transform observed and synthetic longitudinal river profiles into the spectral domain with a view to interrogating the different scales at which fluvial landscapes are generated. North American river profiles are characterized by red noise (i.e., spectral power, ϕ ∝ k−2, where k is wave number) at wavelengths >100 km and pink noise (ϕ ∝ k−1) at shorter wavelengths. This observation suggests that river profile geometries are scale‐dependent and using small‐scale observations to develop a general understanding of large‐scale landscape evolution is not straightforward. At wavelengths >100 km, river profile geometries appear to be controlled by smoothly varying patterns of regional uplift and slope‐dependent incision. Landscape simulations, based upon stream power that are externally forced by regional uplift do not exhibit a spectral transition from red to pink noise because these simulations do not incorporate heterogeneous erodibility. Spectral analysis of erodibility extracted from patterns of lithologic variation along river profiles suggests that the missing spectral transition is accounted for by heterogeneous substrates, which are characterized by white or blue noise (ϕ ∝ k0 or k1). Our results have implications for the way by which rivers record large‐scale tectonic forcing while incising through complex lithologic patterns.

We investigate how large-scale tectonic forcing can influence landscape development. The combined forward and inverse modeling strategy that we exploit is known as closed-loop modeling or twin experimentation (Canet et al., 2009;Li et al., 2011;Lorenz, 1963). This approach is often employed by the seismological community and is a helpful means for objectively investigating complex systems that is based upon a combination of guided forward and inverse modeling. Here, we adopt a three-fold strategy. First, we extract a regional uplift history by inverting a revised and augmented inventory of river profiles. This approach builds upon previous work by Paul et al. (2014), Wilson et al. (2014), and Rudge et al. (2015. The recovered history is independently calibrated, and then separately tested (i.e., validated) using two different suites of geologic observations. Second, the recovered uplift history is used to force a series of dynamic landscape simulations for a sequence of increasingly complex spatio-temporal precipitation patterns. Finally, synthetic river profiles extracted from these simulated landscapes are inverted in order to gauge recoverability of the original regional uplift history. It is important to emphasize that the source of the original uplift history is not relevant-the principal issue concerns recoverability of any

Aim: Understanding connections between environment and biodiversity is crucial for conservation, identifying causes of ecosystem stress, and predicting population responses to changing environments. Explaining biodiversity requires an understanding of how species richness and environment covary across scales. Here, we identify scales and locations at which biodiversity is generated and correlates with environment.Location: Full latitudinal range per continent. Time Period: Present day.Major Taxa Studied: Terrestrial vertebrates: all mammals, carnivorans, bats, songbirds, hummingbirds, amphibians. Methods:We describe the use of wavelet power spectra, cross-power and coherence for identifying scale-dependent trends across Earth's surface. Spectra reveal scaleand location-dependent coherence between species richness and topography (E), mean annual precipitation (Pn), temperature (Tm) and annual temperature range (ΔT).Results: >97% of species richness of taxa studied is generated at large scales, that is, wavelengths ≳ 10 3 km, with 30%-69% generated at scales ≳ 10 4 km. At these scales, richness tends to be highly coherent and anti-correlated with E and ΔT, and positively correlated with Pn and Tm. Coherence between carnivoran richness and ΔT is low across scales, implying insensitivity to seasonal temperature variations. Conversely, amphibian richness is strongly anti-correlated with ΔT at large scales. At scales ≲ 10 3 km, examined taxa, except carnivorans, show highest richness within the tropics. Terrestrial plateaux exhibit high coherence between carnivorans and E at scales ∼ 10 3 km, consistent with contribution of large-scale tectonic processes to biodiversity. Results are similar across different continents and for global latitudinal averages.Spectral admittance permits derivation of rules-of-thumb relating long-wavelength environmental and species richness trends.Main Conclusions: Sensitivities of mammal, bird and amphibian populations to environment are highly scale dependent. At large scales, carnivoran richness is largely independent of temperature and precipitation, whereas amphibian richness correlates