Niveau d'activité physique et comportement alimentaire : facteurs de risque associés à la sédentarité chez les employés obèses d'

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Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with intellectual disabilities is a major public health problem. The objective of this study is to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in sedentary children and adolescents with intellectual disability (ID) in Kinshasa. A total of 440 children were selected for this study including 240 with ID (110 girls and 130 boys) and 200 children without ID (91 girls and 109 boys). The present study took place in five educational institutions including 4 special and one normal. The weight and height of the children were measured to allow us to calculate their body mass index. The logistic regression test was used to identify the determinants of overweight or obesity, and to measure the association strength of each determinant (odds ratio). This study reveals that boys with ID are at risk of developing overweight at age 12-14 (odd ratio = 1.33 [0.87-1.18]), 15-17 years (odd ratio = 2), 52 [1.61-2.55]) whereas in girls this risk begins already at the age of 6-11 (odd ratio = 1.28 [0.88-1.91]). With respect to obesity, we found that children with intellectual disabilities presented the risk of obesity at ages 6-11 (odd ratio = 1.84 [1.04-1.85]), 12-14 years (odd ratio = 1.41 [1.07-1.48]) and 15-17 years (odd ratio = 1.48 [1.23-1.73]). In addition, this study shows that ID subjects were significantly more obese than those with typical development. The risk of overweight and obesity is present in children and adolescents with intellectual disability. We suggest that a program based on diet and exercise can be introduced in Kinshasa special institutions to minimize the risk of overweight and obesity.

To develop a program of high volume physical exercises, of moderate to high intensity, adapted to the working context of Kinshasa. In a trial study of structured, spontaneous and mixed physical exercise programs associated with nutrition education, lasting 3 months, from November 7 to January 7, 2014. 30 obese sedentary workers 44 ± 844 ± 8.6 on average, year-olds were randomly selected from 157 obese individuals out of a general population of 400 employees in the personal list of the selected company. These workers were divided into three groups of physical exercises, of which the first group consisted of 10 workers in a three-day, moderate to high intensity structured exercise program, including: jogging, aerobics, basketball, volleyball, swimming, abdominals and walking of 10,000 steps a day. The second group was also composed of 10 workers undergoing a spontaneous exercise program of the same duration, intensity and frequency including: walk, up and down the stairs and finally the third group composed and then the third group of 10 workers submitted to a mixed exercise program (the mixture of the two programs). Quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The ANOVA test was used to compare the variables of two groups. A value of p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered a threshold of statistical significance. Decreased weight, waist circumference and body mass index were observed intra group before and after exercise programs. After the intervention, the group subjected to the mixed exercises improved more significantly (p = 0.0001) the morphological parameters of the obese than the group subjected to the structured and spontaneous exercises with diet. A moderate to high intensity, high volume mixed exercise program significantly improves the morphology of obese sedentary workers compared to the structured and spontaneous exercise program. It can be considered as an effective non-pharmacological strategy to combat the nutritional and epidemiological transition in the workplace, where obesity is the main cornerstone.

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