Surgical revision of complicated false and true AVA-related aneurysms reveals acceptable postintervention primary patency rates and therefore is justified. This outcome measure was superior in the following specific groups of corrections: autogenous were better than prosthetic, true aneurysms were better than false aneurysms, patients with one or two previous AVAs in the revised arm were better than those with more than two previous accesses in the revised arm, and finally, forearms were better than those in the upper arm.

Short (<6 cm) interposition PTFE segments used for the revision of failing or failed AVFs compare favorably to purely native repair and do not alter the autologous behavior of the initial access. These short PTFE revisions resulted in satisfactory midterm primary patency without further consumption of the venous capital by harvesting segments of vein from other locations and without compromising more proximal access sites. This practice is recommended and is justified as part of an aggressive access salvage policy addressed by many authors so far.

Varicose veins are a frequently encountered medical condition. In the era of minimally invasive surgery, several techniques, in the treatment of varicose veins, have been developed in the last few years. One of the most frequently used new techniques is endovenous laser ablation. Fibrotic sealing of the treated vein lumen is the final result. The vein ablation is obtained under local - tumescent anaesthesia and the patients can be treated in an office setting with immediate return to full activity. Safety and effectiveness seem to be the major characteristics and advantages of this technique.

Synthetic arteriovenous grafts for hemodialysis constitute the second choice in comparison with native arteriovenous fistulas. Lower patency rates and significantly more frequent infections are the main disadvantages of hemodialysis grafts over fistulas. Infectious complications could vary between a simple local erythema at a puncture site that resolves easily with antibiotics to septicemia and death. As a corollary, this kind of complications continue to be among the most important causes of morbidity and mortality in end-stage renal disease patients receiving long-term hemodialysis. The cornerstone is prevention of infections. It is generally accepted that following simple measures during the intervention of graft insertion and consecutively in every hemodialysis session could consistently reduce the risk of infection.

The superiority of autogenous fistulae in patients with end-stage renal disease, performing hemodialysis, is well established and largely accepted. However, in case that superficial veins in the upper arm are not available for fistula construction, brachial vein transposition may be a viable alternative prior to graft placement. This transposition could be done as a primary or staged procedure, depending on the vein size. We present the case of a 63-year-old male patient with a thrombosed arteriovenous graft in the forearm and a large brachial vein in the ipsilateral upper arm. A one-stage (primary) brachial vein transposition was performed. The fistula, 10 months after its construction, is still patent. No complications have occurred.