Introduction
Projected dementia incidence in Latin America and the Caribbean for the next decades is overwhelming. Access to local data, stratified by sex, is imperative for planning precise dementia‐prevention strategies.
Methods
We analyzed the individual and overall weighted population attributable fraction (PAF) of nine modifiable risk factors for dementia, in dementia‐free subjects ≥45‐years‐old, using the 2016‐2017 Chilean National Health Survey.
Results
The overall weighted PAF for modifiable risk factors was 45.8% (42.2% to 49.3%). Variables with the highest PAF were lower education, high blood pressure, hearing loss, and obesity. Women showed a greater overall weighted PAF: 50.7% (45.3% to ‐56.1%), compared to men: 40.2% (35.4% to 45.0%), driven by a higher PAF for physical inactivity and depression in women.
Discussion
The PAF for modifiable risk factors for dementia in Chile is higher than in previous world reports, due to a greater prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors. Women have a higher potential for dementia prevention.
HIGHLIGHTS
The proportion of dementia associated to modifiable risk factors in Chile is 45.8%.
The main modifiable risk factors are high blood pressure, obesity, and hearing loss.
Women had a greater prevalence of physical inactivity and depression than men.
Chile had a greater prevalence of metabolic risk factors than other world regions.
El consumo repetido de ciertas drogas produce tolerancia, es decir, la disminución de sus efectos y la necesidad de obtener, por lo tanto, mayores dosis. Desde el paradigma del condicionamiento pavloviano, en la presente investigación dos experimentos examinaron el impacto del uso de cantidad masiva de ensayos de extinción en la readquisición de la tolerancia al etanol. En el experimento 1 se evaluó la adquisición, extinción y readquisición de la tolerancia al etanol en ratas tras 9 ensayos de extinción. En el experimento 2 se evaluó el efecto de 84 ensayos de extinción en la readquisición de la tolerancia. En ambos experimentos se midió la tolerancia al etanol mediante la respuesta atáxica de los sujetos en un plano inclinado. Los resultados del experimento 1 mostraron adquisición, extinción y readquisición de la tolerancia al etanol. Los resultados del experimento 2 mostraron que la extinción masiva logró atenuar la readquisición. En conjunto, los resultados de este estudio sugieren que la exposición masiva a estímulos asociados con el consumo de etanol pueden ser efectivos para reducir la tolerancia y la recaída.
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