Caracterización de los programas académicos y determinación de las variables que afectan el rendimiento Cayón

ISBN 978-958-722-208-1 1.Pereira (Risaralda)-Colombia-historia-investigaciones 2. Pereira (Risaralda)-Colombia patrimonio histórico 3. Pereira (Risaralda) Colombia-política social 4. Manizales (Caldas)-Colombia-vida social y costumbres 5. Manizales (Caldas)-Colombia-historia 6. Manizales (Caldas)-Colombia-descripción. 306.986132 CD23 Esta investigación es el producto de un largo y paciente ejercicio de reflexión, de indagación, de puesta en común de ideas e inquietudes con un sinnúmero de amigos y colegas. Muchos de ellos supieron orientarme o guiarme en momentos difíciles de la investigación, ya que a pesar de lo atractivo que resulta llevar a cabo propuestas de historia comparada contrastada, en ocasiones, la cantidad de información que iba obteniendo ya no sólo de una ciudad, sino de dos, amenazaba con desbordarme. De ahí que me sienta inmensamente agradecido por este gesto fraternal y de "colegaje" que afortunadamente pude encontrar en tantas personas para no desfallecer y llegar al punto final que desde un comienzo venía persiguiendo. Por eso, como diría Lao Tse, "el agradecimiento es la memoria del corazón". Y por ello quiero expresar públicamente mis agradecimientos a las siguientes personas y entidades: En primer lugar, a las directivas de la UTP por su apoyo decidido para la realización de mis estudios doctorales, con la beca y las descargas académicas. A Rudecolombia que también sufragó económicamente una fase de esta investigación. Al profesor y amigo Álvaro Acevedo, por su constante motivación y asesoría, lo mismo que a la doctora Olga Bedoya por su acompañamiento en la parte administrativa del doctorado. Agradezco igualmente al profesor Justo Cuño Bonito por su asesoría durante mi pasantía internacional en la

The mid nineteenth century experienced one of the most successful foreign investment processes in Latin America and particularly in Colombia with the construction and operation of the Panama Railroad Company. This railway was designed and operated as a route that bridged the Atlantic and the Pacific. It was one of the most profitable companies at the time and clearly reflected the economic and political interests of the United States.  The company became one of the most prominent transport monopolies in its day and was one of the most valuable fiscal assets for the Colombian government.

In this paper we explore the difference of quality in higher education between accredited and non-accredited higher education institutions (HEIs) in Colombia. For that purpose we test if the difference of the National Exam of Student Performance (Saber Pro), which is our proxy for quality between institutional accredited and non-accredited institutions is statistically significant. The hypothesis is that indeed those HEIs that have been granted the institutional quality accreditation by the Colombian ministry of education should have better results in the national exam than those that not. We argue that for robustness of the results, it is necessary to control for confounding effects among comparable HEIs. For this purpose, we employ a propensity matching score approach based on common financial characteristics in order to avoid issues of selection bias. Our results find that the difference in performance between accredited and non-accredited institutions is positive and statistically significant. This difference between performances can be attributable to the substantial differences in the pattern of expenditures and asset investment of non-accredited HEIs.

This article analyzes the contracting and construction process of the Cauca Railroad in the period between 1872 and 1907, with the objective of studying how these contracts were developed and show the asymmetry in the negotiations processes between national and regional governments and sources of capital and other governments, by discussing signed incomplete contracts and the existence of large information and negotiation capacity asymmetries. Due to this, this railroad has the highest construction costs of the period and one of the lowest construction averages of the 19th century, for a railway that was considered fundamental for the economic development of the country