Introduction-Many parents who choose hypospadias repair for their sons experience decisional conflict (DC) and decisional regret (DR). We previously found that parental decision-making about hypospadias surgery is a complex process characterized by cyclic information-seeking to alleviate anxiety and confusion.Objective-The objective of this study was to engage parents of hypospadias patients and pediatric providers in the co-design of a decision aid (DA) prototype to facilitate shared decisionmaking about hypospadias surgery and address DC and DR.Methods-From August 2018 to January 2019, we conducted three co-design workshops with parents of hypospadias patients, pediatric urology and general pediatric providers to discuss their recommendations for a DA prototype. Activities were audio recorded and professionally transcribed. Transcripts and worksheets were analyzed by six coders using qualitative analysis to identify key aspects of a hypospadias DA desired by stakeholders. We conducted a collaborative design and prototyping session to establish key features and requirements, created a content map visualizing this work, and then developed a DA prototype.

Self-activated movable flaps or pop-up feathers are used by a preponderance of feathered creatures as a means to modify foil characteristics during landing or incurred high angles of attack (gusts). When flow would normally separate, causing drastic decreases in lift, these pop-up feathers will activate, thus delaying the effects of stall. Although these flaps can almost entirely eliminate the stall region in a common UAV foil (NACA 2412), they have yet to be used commercially on any aircraft. The absence of these flaps is attributed mainly to the lack of understanding in their characteristics. This paper uses wind tunnel testing in an attempt to initially characterize the use of such flaps in low Reynolds number regions (1x10 5-5x10 5), including their placement, size and ideal material characteristics Nomenclature c = chord C d = coefficient of drag C l = coefficient of lift C m = coefficient of moment x = distance from leading edge, inches

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Introduction: The Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada’s Competence by Design (CBD) initiative presents curricula challenges to ensure residents gain proficiency while progressing through training. To prepare first-year urology residents (R1s), we developed, implemented, and evaluated a didactic and simulation-focused boot camp to implement the CBD curriculum. We report our experiences and findings of the first three years. Methods: Urology residents from two Canadian universities participated in the two-day boot camp at the beginning of residency. Eleven didactic and six simulation sessions allowed for instruction and deliberate practice with feedback. Pre-and post-course multiple-choice questionnaires (MCQs) and an objective structured clinical exam (OSCE) evaluated knowledge and skills uptake. For initial program evaluation, three R2s served as historical controls in year 1. Results: Nineteen residents completed boot camp. The mean age was 26.4 (±2.8) and 13 were male. Participants markedly improved on the pre- and post-MCQs (year 1: 62% and 91%; year 2: 55% and 89%; year 3: 58% and 86%, respectively). Participants scored marginally higher than the controls on four of the six OSCE stations. OSCE scores remained >88% over the three cohorts. All participants reported higher confidence levels post-boot camp and felt it was excellent preparation for residency. Conclusions: During its first three years, our urology boot camp has demonstrated high feasibility and utility. Knowledge and technical skills uptake were established via MCQ and OSCE results, with participants’ scores near or above those of R2 controls. This boot camp will remain in our CBD curriculum and can provide a framework for other urology residency programs.