<p>La construcción de una gobernanza ambiental, en términos del diseño e implementación de una institucionalidad ad hoc, ha estado atravesada por la tensión entre una perspectiva orientada al resguardo de las inversiones y el crecimiento económico, versus los objetivos del desarrollo sustentable suscritos por los Estados nacionales. En Chile, esta tensión se expresa en el debate público como un conflicto entre los fundamentos técnicos y políticos a la base de la toma de decisiones y del diseño de normativas, especialmente en el ámbito de la evaluación de impactos ambientales. Sin embargo, al observar en profundidad esta controversia, es posible advertir que los usos de los conceptos técnico y político están lejos de ser unívocos. La multiplicidad epistemológica de estas definiciones resulta particularmente interesante en el relato de la élite burocrática de la institucionalidad, particularmente, funcionarios y funcionarias que participan activamente de la dirigencia sindical en el Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental (SEA) y la Federación Nacional de Trabajadores del Medio Ambiente (FENATRAMA). La dirigencia ha realizado acciones de interpelación a la autoridad política a partir de una defensa de la democracia y de lo técnico como expresión de “lo público”, incluso en directa confrontación con las autoridades gubernamentales. Esta investigación indaga las premisas que sostienen las acciones de incidencia política que han venido desarrollando las asociaciones de funcionarios ambientales en Chile, considerando que su posicionamiento devela la heterogeneidad de actores que constituyen el aparato público y la complejidad del debate sobre gobernanza ambiental.</p>
Las medidas para enfrentar el Cambio Climático en el planeta involucran un conjunto de factores entre los cuales la existencia de estructuras y organizaciones que catalicen e impulsen una acción transformadora. La generación de capacidades locales implica la consciencia de la ciudadanía y de las elites acordes con las acciones institucionales de respuesta en los distintos niveles. Basado en una investigación empírica se analizan las orientaciones de las elites estudiantiles universitarias en Chile. Se analizan las percepciones acerca del cambio climático, sobre las medidas de adaptación y /o mitigación y también la visión acerca de las energías renovables no convencionales uno de los principales factores que pueden incidir en la reducción de las emisiones de gas de efecto invernadero.
As medidas para enfrentar as mudanças climáticas no planeta envolvem um conjunto de fatores, entre os quais a existência de estruturas e organizações que catalizem e impulsionem uma ação transformadora. A capacitação local envolve a consciência dos cidadãos e das elites, em consonância com as ações de resposta institucional em vários níveis. Com base em um estudo empírico, foram analisadas as orientações das elites estudantis universitárias no Chile. Analisamos as percepções sobre mudanças climáticas, adaptação e/ou mitigação, e também a visão sobre energias renováveis não convencionais, um dos principais fatores que podem reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa.
Measures to address climate change on the planet involve a number of factors including the existence of structures and organizations to catalyze and encourage transformative actions. Local capacity building involves the consciousness of citizens and elites in line with the institutional actions to respond at various levels. Based on empirical research the orientations of the elite university students in Chile are analyzed. We focus on the perceptions of climate change, adaptation and / or mitigation measures and the vision of non-conventional renewable energy one of the main factors that may influence the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases
The “awakening” of the indigenous people of Latin America raises the following question: is it accompanied by a religious revitalization and a return to ancestral beliefs and rituals? Religion is, indeed, present in protests and visible movements such as those in Mexico or Ecuador, but religion does not appear to be the principal factor or the deepest source of these movements. Thus, alongside the rapid expansion of evangelicals (especially Pentecostals) among the indigenous communities, we also observe the higher profile and the increased respect achieved by ancestral indigenous religious traditions. Elsewhere, intense missionary activity by various churches has contributed to the emergence of new indigenous leaders, and shamanic rituals function as a means of reaffirmation of ethnic identity and in support of the struggle to recover ancestral lands, a struggle which is acquiring a sacred character. The battle is political and ethnic; it is fought for recognition of indigenous rights, for the specificity of people and their communities, for their ancestral lands, and for their cultural expression. Belief is by no means uniform among indigenous peoples. But there is no doubt that religion is a part of the process of recovery of ethnic identity, even though it is under threat from globalization.
La relación entre el mundo académico y las políticas públicas (PP) en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) en función de las tareas del autentico desarrollo sustentable adolece de déficits. Este artículo comienza analizando la relación entre PP y las tareas del desarrollo, y las características que adquiere hoy la gobernanza ambiental. A la luz de las transformaciones de la sociedad del conocimiento y las exigencias propias de la complejidad de la ecología y el ambiente se analizan las interacciones entre el mundo de la academia y el mundo de las políticas públicas. Se finaliza proponiendo un nuevo paradigma en la relación entre ambos mundos. Un nuevo pacto entre el mundo de la academia y el de las políticas públicas, debe asumir el objetivo de la transición hacia la sustentabilidad, la integración y cooperación regional, generando un espacio para la democracia ambiental, lo que supone re-pensar la forma cómo se diseña e implementa la propia PP y la gobernanza ambiental. 1 Palabras clave: Políticas públicas, gobernanza ambiental, desarrollo sustentable, nuevos paradigmas, mundo académico. The academic world and public policies facing the urgencies of sustainable development in Latin America and the Caribbean Abstract: The relationship between the academic world and public policy (PP) in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) facing the tasks of genuine sustainable development suffers from deficits. This article begins by analyzing the relationship between PP and development tasks, and the features acquired by current environmental governance. In the light of the changes of knowledge society and the complexity of ecology and environment, interactions between the world of academia and the world of PP are discussed. This paper ends proposing a new paradigm in the relationship between these two worlds. A new pact between the world of academia and PP must assume the purpose of the transition to sustainability, regional cooperation and integration, and creating space for environmental democracy. All this means rethinking the way PP and environmental governance are conceived and implemented.
The development of Chilean sociology of religion has not been smooth. In order to survive at all it sometimes had to submit to being treated as an “auxiliary science” of theology and pastoral studies. Pluralist religious fields of study emerged when the socio-political transformations linked to military authoritarianism precipitated a decisive moment in highlighting the socio-political consequences of religious life, undermining the prejudices of lay elites against the renewal of a creole sociology of religion. The author sets out a comprehensive and unique overview of the sociology of religion in Chile, until recently considered as a scientific discipline.
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