A novel strategy to improve the success of soft and hard tissue integration of titanium implants is the use of nanoparticles coatings made from basically any type of biocompatible substance, which can advantageously enhance the properties of the material, as compared to its similar bulk material. So, most of the physical methods approaches involve the compaction of nanoparticles versus micron-level particles to yield surfaces with nanoscale grain boundaries, simultaneously preserving the chemistry of the surface among different topographies. At the same time, nanoparticles have been known as one of the most effective antibacterial agents and can be used as effective growth inhibitors of various microorganisms as an alternative to antibiotics. In this paper, based on literature research, we present a comprehensive review of the mechanical, physical, and chemical methods for creating nano-structured titanium surfaces along with the main nanoparticles used for the surface modification of titanium implants, the fabrication methods, their main features, and the purpose of use. We also present two patented solutions which involve nanoparticles to be used in cranioplasty, i.e., a cranial endoprosthesis with a sliding system to repair the traumatic defects of the skull, and a cranial implant based on titanium mesh with osteointegrating structures and functional nanoparticles. The main outcomes of the patented solutions are: (a) a novel geometry of the implant that allow both flexible adaptation of the implant to the specific anatomy of the patient and the promotion of regeneration of the bone tissue; (b) porous structure and favorable geometry for the absorption of impregnated active substances and cells proliferation; (c) the new implant model fit 100% on the structure of the cranial defect without inducing mechanical stress; (d) allows all kinds of radiological examinations and rapid osteointegration, along with the patient recover in a shorter time.
The selective laser sintering is a technique used to quickly fabricate a scale model of a physical part or assembly using three-dimensional computer aided design CAD data. This technique is used to obtain complex pieces in different domains like machine building industry, automotive industry, foundry and medicine. The selective laser sintering process is used to obtain different prototypes, medical instruments or personalized implants in medicine. The powders used to obtain the medical instruments and for implants must to be very resistant to corrosion, non-toxic and present good fatigue resistance. The powders used are in generally, stainless steel, alloy titan TA6V, alloy Co-Cr and different polyamides.
Additive manufacturing is a worldwide trend and has been successfully adopted in a wide variety of domains. With applications ranging from automotive, aerospace, military, consumer goods bioprinting and even wearable electronics, the need for trained workforce in additive manufacturing is in high demand. Academia all around the world is adapting to this new trend trying to develop new strategies in delivering suitable competences to their undergraduate, masters’ and PhD students. Such an initiative is the Erasmus+ project TecHUB 4.0 which brings together four complementary universities from Romania, United Kingdom and Poland. The main goal of the project is to bring together professors, industry specialists, researchers, managers, and entrepreneurs to deliver, using methods based on modern teaching technologies, especially on the use of web-based platforms and digital technologies – e-learning and interactive platforms, their knowledge to the young students wishing to become entrepreneurs in the additive manufacturing area. An Open Interactive Platform will be designed to be used equally by companies, by universities and by students, which will aggregate the demand and offer for internships developed in the scope of developing projects anchored in the day-to-day additive manufacturing business activity to solve concrete problems, but at the same time respecting all the economic constraints imposed on a business at beginning of its life.
This research aims to analyse the opinions of the students from the POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest in connection with their future career. Based on a number of hypotheses outlined in the informal meetings we analysed the attitude of these young persons about professional success using two personality tests measuring significant parameters in defining it (the impact of the others / of the external pressures on the actions and personal choices, the force of subjective values, the possibility to predict one’s own behaviour and the behaviour of the others, commitment etc.). The results of the respondents highlighted the need to develop / deepen competencies in the field of soft skills in order to adapt to the rigors of today's labour market, in which self-knowledge and interpersonal skills are at least as important as technical and practical knowledge.
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