Purpose A recent population-wide study for Germany, where credit lines on current accounts are available to 80 percent of the population, finds that overdraft debt is more likely for people who give intuitive but incorrect answers on a cognitive reflection test. This suggests that those consumers in debt have poorer cognitive reflection and, thus, lack of self-control. The Germany study finds that “surprisingly, the level of income does not play a central role.” The purpose of this paper is to discriminate the consumers in terms of their income by considering two experiments. Design/methodology/approach In the first (pilot) experiment, the authors do not discriminate consumers in terms of income and, as result, replicate the Germany study. In a follow-up experiment, which assembles a high-quality sample of high-income consumers, the authors find debt can no longer be explained by poor cognitive reflection. Findings Apparently, high-income consumers treat debt as mere leverage, as companies do. Originality/value Not all consumer indebtedness can be caused by lack of self-control. High-income consumers are likely to contract debt as leverage. This resembles rational risk taking.

ResumoOs herbários são coleções biológicas que incluem o material de referência para todos os que precisem de identificar ou preservar plantas, fungos ou algas. Estas coleções foram usadas inicialmente pelos professores/médicos/herbalistas no século XVI e mais tarde, nas primeiras viagens de exploração científica, tornaram-se uma ferramenta essencial para todos os coletores e botânicos. A contextualização dos herbários do ponto de vista da história das ciências pode ampliar os usos de um herbário e reforçar a sua versatilidade. Desta perspetiva, os herbários transcendem a sua função de repositório, refletindo contextos para além dos da esfera científica, espelhando as políticas de desenvolvimento governamental, educacional e económico de um país. O Herbário do Museu de História Natural e da Ciência da Universidade do Porto é uma coleção reconhecida mundialmente como o Herbário da Universidade do Porto (PO) e é uma coleção de referência da flora Portuguesa, contendo coleções históricas, privadas e académicas constituídas desde o século XIX. Tomando como ponto de partida o herbário (coleção botânica desidratada entre papel) e o Herbário da Universidade do Porto (como instituição responsável da organização e conservação de vários tipos de coleções botânicas), este trabalho mostra como os herbários e os Herbários são veículos para a compreensão de assuntos de várias esferas e materializam a sua interconexão, promovendo uma aprendizagem de carácter global, fomentando a sua consciência histórica e cívica. Palavras-chave: Coleções históricas; Herbários: Estudos Interdisciplinares. Abstract Herbaria are biological collections that include reference material for anyone who needs to identify or preserve plants, fungi or algae. These collections were used by the first professors/doctors/herbalists in the 16th century, and later, on the first voyages of scientific exploration becoming an essential tool for all collectors and botanists. The contextualization of herbaria from the point of view of the history of science can broaden the uses of a herbarium and reinforce its versatility. From this perspective, herbaria transcend their repository function, reflecting contexts beyond those of the scientific sphere, mirroring a country's government, educational and economic development policies. The Herbarium of the Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Porto is a collection recognized worldwide as the Herbarium of the University of Porto (PO) and is a reference collection of Portuguese flora, containing historical, private and academic collections since the 19th century. Taking as its starting point the herbarium (dehydrated botanical collection between paper) and the Herbarium of the University of Porto (as the institution responsible for the organization and conservation of various types of biological collections), this paper shows how herbaria and Herbaria are vehicles for the understanding of subjects from various spheres and materialize their interconnectedness, promoting a global learning, fostering their historical and civic awareness. Keywords: Historical collections; Herbaria; Interdisciplinary studies.

ResumoA exposição “Ciência numa Ilustração, Ilustrar para Comunicar / Divulgar Ciência” visa a aquisição de uma visão integrada e abrangente, incluindo uma visão histórica, acerca da Ilustração Científica, bem como a sensibilização para a área, designadamente, para os seus diferentes domínios e subdomínios e enquadramento no nosso quotidiano. Ainda no âmbito da exposição é possível observar diferentes modelos científicos tridimensionais (naturais e artificiais) usados em contexto de sala de aula. O processo que subjaz à organização de uma iniciativa deste género numa biblioteca universitária será considerado nos seus diferentes momentos – a ideia, a constituição da equipa de trabalho, a recolha de materiais, a montagem do espaço expositivo, a listagem de material, a produção dos textos de apoio para o espaço expositivo e dos folhetos de divulgação, a estratégia de divulgação e a inauguração. A Biblioteca da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, através deste espaço expositivo e de toda a dinâmica a ele associada, pretende potenciar o seu papel enquanto instrumento de apoio ao ensino e à divulgação das ciências. Palavras-chave: Exposição; Ilustração Científica; Curso da Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto Abstract The exhibition "Science in an Illustration, Illustrating to Communicate / Disseminating Science" aims at acquiring an integrated and comprehensive vision, including a historical view on Scientific Illustration, as well as awareness of the area, namely its different domains and subdomains, and framing in our daily lives. Also within the scope of the exhibition, it is possible to observe different three-dimensional scientific models (natural and artificial) used in the context of the classroom. The process that underlies the organization of such an initiative in a University Library will be considered in its different moments - the idea, the constitution of the work team, the collection of materials, the assembly of the exhibition space, the material listing, the support texts for the exhibition space and publicity leaflets, the dissemination strategy and the inauguration. The Library of Faculty of Sciences, of Porto University, through this exhibition space and all the dynamics associated with it, intends to strengthen its role as an instrument to support the teaching and dissemination of science. Keywords: Exhibition; Scientific Illustration; Course of Faculty of Sciences of the University of Porto

Life canvas: biological illustration as biographical evidence of illustrators' and researchers' careers Telas de vida: ilustração biológica como evidência biográfica da carreira de ilustradores e de investigadores

The present work explores the recognition of the past and present genius loci of three spaces of Porto city center as remaining and transformed representations of spaces with distinct, interconnected and pertinent botanical missions in the nineteenth century landscape of the city. Through the exploration of sources left by the interveners or graphic testimonies of the urban landscape from 1850 to the present day of these (ethno-)botanical spaces, we explore how the interveners and spaces of the Jardim Botânico da Academia Polythecnica do Porto, the Horto-pharmacêutico da Botica da Hospital Real de Santo António and the Horto das Virtudes mutually influenced. On the other hand, it is demonstrated how these spaces determined a time of special interest in botany that would not be repeated in the history of the city and its population.