Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Fusarium guttiforme são fungos fitopatogênicos causadores de diversas doenças pós-colheita em frutos. As substâncias "GRAS"-(Generally d Regarded As Safe), são uma alternativa no controle de microorganismos na fase pós-colheita, devido seus efeitos fungistáticos e fungicidas comprovados. O presente estudo observou os efeitos de cinco substâncias "GRAS" no controle de crescimento dos fungos fitopatogênicos C. gloeosporioides e F. guttiforme in vitro. GRAS substances in control of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides growth and Fusarium guttiforme vitroABSTRACT-Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium guttiforme are phytopathogenic fungi causing various post-harvest diseases in fruits. Substances "GRAS" -(Generally Regarded Ase Safe), they are an alternative for the control of microorganisms in the post-harvest phase, due to their fungistatic and fungicide effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of five "GRAS" substances over the growth of pathogenic fungi C. gloeosporioides and F. guttiforme in vitro. Culture media (PDA) were supplemented with 1%, 3% and 5% sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate, calcium carbonate, calcium chloride and 0.1% 0.5% 1% potassium chloride. 10μl spore solution was inoculated at a concentration of 5x10 3 ml/spore. From the five substances used in the tests, sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate inhibited 100% of C. gloeosporioides growth, the others were not limiting to the development of the fungus when compared to control. Sodium carbonate inhibited 100% of F. guttiforme growth at all concentrations. Were also positive, sodium bicarbonate in concentrations of 3% and 5%. The treatment with 5% calcium chloride at 51% reduced the growth this phytopatogen. Other substances not reduced or inhibited the mycelial growth of the pathogen when compared to the control. From the five substances "GRAS" tested in this work, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate, were effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides. Sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and calcium chloride were able in to reduce the growth of F. guttiforme.

As celulases e xilanases fúngicas, derivadas de sua habilidade degradativa e excretadas, em geral, para o meio, despertam interesse biotecnológico por terem um largo espectro de aplicação. Objetivou-se verificar a produção das enzimas celulase e xilanase por fungos filamentosos isolados de detritos foliares alóctone em um córrego no Cerrado. Os testes foram realizados com 100 cepas utilizando meio de cultura sintético contendo, como única fonte de carbono, carboximetilcelulose e xilana para celulase e xilanase, respectivamente. Foram realizados inóculos no centro das placas e armazenadas por 4 dias em BOD a 28°C e submetido a choque térmico em estufa a 50°C por 16 horas. Para melhor visualização do halo de hidrólise as placas foram coradas com solução de vermelho congo e lavadas com solução de NaCl. Dos fungos testados 69% apresentaram resultado positivo para celulase dos quais 23% foram consideramos com potencial para aplicação em biotecnologia. Não houve resultados positivos para a produção da enzima xilanase. Os fungos testados, associados ao processo de decomposição de matéria orgânica vegetal, apresentaram produção da enzima celulase, mas não da enzima xilanase. ABSTRACT-Fungal cellulases and xylanases derived from the huge degradative capabilities of these microorganisms and excreted to medium, raise a biotechnologixcal interest due to large application potential. The objective of this paper is to identify the production of the enzymes cellulase and xylanase by filamentous fungi isolated from allochthonous leaf litter in a stream in Cerrado ecosystem. The tests were carried out using 100 strains grown in synthetic culture medium containing carboxymethyl cellulose or beechwood xylan as sole carbon source for cellulase and xylanase production detection respectively. Inocula were performed in the center of plates and stored for 4 days at 28 ° C and subjected afterwards to thermal shock at 50 ° C for 16 hours. Plates were stained with Congo red solution and washed with a NaCl solution for betterdetection of the hydrolysis halo. Sixty nine percent of the fungal strains tested were positive for cellulase of which 23% were considered with potential for application in biotechnology. None of the fungal strains was able to degrade xylan.

Os micro-organismos antagonistas (bactérias, leveduras e fungos filamentosos) têm a capacidade de exercer um efeito antagonista sobre diferentes patógenos sendo empregados para controlar diversas enfermidades de frutos e vegetais. Este estudo objetivou isolar e testar microrganismos presentes em Eugenia dysenterica DC contra Aspergillus parasiticus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides e Monilinia fructicola e in vitro. Foram coletados caules e folhas de 30 indivíduos de Cagaiteira. Os fragmentos vegetais passaram por desinfecção superficial, de acordo com o proposto por Endophytic fungi Eugenia dysenterica DC as biocontrol of plant pathogens in vitro.ABSTRACT-The antagonistic microorganisms (bacteria, yeasts and filamentous fungi) are able to exert an antagonistic effect on various pathogens being used to control various diseases of fruits and vegetables. This study aimed to isolate and test microorganisms present in Eugenia dysenterica DC against Aspergillus parasiticus, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Monilinia fructicola and in vitro. Stems and leaves were collected from 30 specimens of cagaiteira. The samples were submited to a surface disinfection, according to the proposed by Rose, et. al, (2010). Fragments were inoculated on Petri plates containing the agar Potato 25-28 ° C for 60 days. 263 endophytic fungi strains were obtained, purified and assessed for their potential in to produce inhibitore volatile or diffusible substances. A total of 96 isolates showed antagonistic activity against plant pathogens. 45 isolates being able to inhibit the growth of A. parasiticus. Against the pathogen C. gloeosporioides 68 endophytes showed antagonist activity. Against the pathogen M. fructicola only 17 fungi were able to exert inhibitory effect. These isolates showed potential for the production of bioactive substances against these pathogens. Index terms: Eugenia dysenterica DC, antagonism, endophytic, phytopathogensCopyright: © 2015 JBFS all rights. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Financiamento: Os autores reportam que não houve suporte e auxílio financeiro. Conflito de interesse:Os autores declaram que não há conflito de interesse. Como referir esse documento (ABNT):MALTA, C. M.; FERREIRA, E. M. S.; COELHO, C. M.; PIMENTA, R. S. Fungos endofíticos de Eugenia dysenterica DC como biocontroladores de fitopatógenos in vitro.