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HighlightsCatalytic deficiency of chitotriosidase has a very high frequency in Amerindians highly exposed to chitin from enteroparasites and diet.Mutation frequencies are similar to those found in East Asian populations, and is probably conserved for a founder effect.Such condition precludes the use of CHIT1 as a disease biomarker in South American populations with strong ethnic ancestry.

Data from Spain is similar to data observed worldwide. Information recorded in the National Registries like RICIBA is necessary in order to safely expand bariatric surgery in response to increasing demand.

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