Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis is an extremely rare disease characterized by intra-alveolar accumulation of calcified spherical particles (called microliths), due to a mutation of the gene encoding a membrane transport protein of the alveolar surface. Most patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis. The course of the disease is slowly progressive, with development of pulmonary fibrosis and respiratory failure. The "sandstorm" pattern is the characteristic finding of this disease. We report a 39-year-old female presenting with progressive dyspnea. A chest X ray showed ground-glass opacities and a high resolution CT scan showed numerous calcified lung micronodules. A surgical lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

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Rendimiento de la citología por punción aspirativa transbronquial para el diagnóstico del compromiso mediastínico en el cáncer pulmonar Mauricio SalinaS F.*, Macarena Muñoz a.**, alFredo Jalilie e.* , **, Mónica zagolin B.* , **, SeBaStián Fernández-BuSSy l.***, criStina Fernández F.* , ****, Maite oyonarte W.* , ****, dioniS iSaMitt d.***, carloS guerra P.***, Karen cziSchKe l.*** y Sara chernilo S.*** Utility of cytology by transbronchial needle aspiration for diagnosing mediastinal nodal involvement in lung cancer staging

Smoking related interstitial lung disease Inhalation of tobacco smoke is a risk factor for developing respiratory diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and many cardiovascular diseases. Recently, a new group of interstitial lung diseases (ILD) related to cigarette smoking (SR-ILD) have been described. This group includes pulmonary Langerhans cell histiocytosis, respiratory bronchiolitis, smoking-associated interstitial fibrosis, desquamative interstitial pneumonia. The diagnosis is usually difficult, and the use of some clinical clues, high-resolution computerized tomography, and histopathologic findings in lung biopsy could help to differentiate between the various entities. We present a report of clinical cases of patients with SR-ILD seen in our center, and a review of the literature of the above entities.

adenomatoid pleural tumor introduction: Adenomatoid tumors are rare benign neoplasms, pleural is a very rare location, reporting only 4 cases worldwide and none in our country. case report: A 30 year-old female patient, that in the context of a preventive health examination, presents a mediastinal solid mass in the right hemithorax, in the thorax radiography. The lesion of 8 cm x 7 cm x 2.4 cm was surgically removed. Histology shows a lesion compatible with pleural adenomatoid tumor and inmunohistochemistry is positive for markers such as calretinin and cytokeratin 5/6. discussion: The pleural adenomatoid tumor is an uncommon neoplasm with benign behavior and several differential diagnoses.